Indiana QMA: Lesson 17-18 Already Passed

Indiana QMA: Lesson 17-18 Already Passed Burn Injury to the skin by strong chemicals, electricity, high temperatures or radiation. Cataract the lens or capsule of the eye loses its transparency or translucency causi ...

Indiana QMA: Lesson 17-18 Already Passed Burn Injury to the skin by strong chemicals, electricity, high temperatures or radiation. Cataract the lens or capsule of the eye loses its transparency or translucency causing partial or total blindness Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and exposed surface of the eyeball (pinkeye) Decubitus Ulcer a persistent reddened area or an open wound; caused continuous pressure on bony prominences; also called a pressure sore or bedsore. Dermatitis inflammation of the skin Eczema a noncontagious inflammation of the skin, marked by redness, itching and the outbreak of lesions that discharge fluid and become encrusted and scaly Glaucoma a disease of the eye characterized by high intraocular pressure, damaged optic disk, hardening of the eyeball and partial or complete loss of vision Pediculosis a contagious infestation of the hair, body and pubic area caused by lice Psoriasis a chronic, non contagious disease characterized by inflammation, reddened lesions and white scaly patches Scabies a contagious skin condition caused by mites that burrow under the skin, characterized by tiny thread like blisters that itch. Spread by direct contact Sensory System Receives outside sensations and relates these sensations to the proper nerves Cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder (UTI) Edema Swelling caused by large amounts of fluid on the tissue Urinary incontinence inability to control urination Pyelonephritis inflammation of both the kidney and lining of the renal pelvis Urinary retention inability to empty bladder Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) cystitis debridement removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound to improve healing potential necrotic tissue dead tissue that usually presents as black or brown and is hard or leathery in texture purulent containing pus erythema redness of the skin tinnitus ringing in the ears subcutaneous tissue Fatty tissue found beneath the dermis decubitus ulcer caused by continuous pressure or friction tinea pedis fungal infection of the foot; athlete's foot macular degeneration progressive damage to the macula of the retina; loss of central vision diabetic retinopathy damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes Cataracts clouding of the lens otitis externa inflammation of the outer ear; swimmer's ear otitis media (OM) inflammation of the middle ear Meniere's syndrome chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, and periodic hearing loss effects of aging on skin Decreases: -Dermal thickness -Fatty layer -Collagen and elastin -Sensation and metabolism -Sweat glands -Circulation -Epidermal regeneration antifungals treat athlete's foot, ringworm, other fungal infections; wear gloves Scabicides and Pediculicides treat scabies or lice; wear gloves topical anti-inflammatory steroid treat dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema; wear gloves; withdrawal sx if stopped abruptly Anti-pruritics and local anesthetics relieve local itching, treat hemorrhoids, sunburn, poison ivy; monitor for infection/inflammation skin protectants cover and protect skin, reduce irritation from urine/stool; monitor for infection/inflammation Debridement medications can be applied by: Licensed personnel only Anti-infective Eye Medications treat systemic or local infections; wear gloves; cleanse eye of drainage Miotics decrease eye pressure, treat glaucoma; place inside lower eyelid, monitor BP; wait 5 min between 2 different eye medications mydriatics drugs that dilate the pupil; used in eye exam eye lubricants soothes and lubricates eyes; use with caution for residents with glaucoma Ear Antiinfectives treats otitis media and otitis externa; do not rinse dropper after use, insert cotton ball after drops ear wax control agents soften/dissolve ear wax, do NOT use without physician order if ear is draining; if ear requires irrigation (must be done by licensed nurse - not QMA) Homeostasis balanced internal environment in the body Every drop of blood passes through the kidneys ... multiple times per day cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder sometimes only symptom of uti increased confusion pyelonephritis kidney infection benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) enlarged prostate Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function urinary retention inability to empty the bladder Effects of aging on the urinary system less efficient filtration, decreased muscle tone, enlargement of the prostate gland (in men), increased risk of urinary tract infections diuretic increases urine production; can cause excessive K+ loss and orthostatic hypotension potassium replacement supplement given with some diuretics to prevent hypokalemia. meds affecting bladder tone and anesthetics decrease bladder spasms; usually given with an anti-infective; some can cause urine to turn redorange urinary anti-infectives to prevent or treat UTI's; may turn urine rust yellow-brown Scabicides and Peduculicide - what meds are in this category? Kwell (lindane) Elimite cream (permethrin) Anti-inflammatory Steroids - what meds are in this category? Cordran (flurandrenolide) Aristocort, Kenalog (triamcinolone acetonide) Cortaid, Lanacort, Westcort (hydrocortisone cream) Anti-pruritics and Local Anesthetics - Skin - what meds are in this category? Solarcaine, Americaine (lidocaine) Caladryl lotion (calamine) Nupercainal (dibucaine) Protectants - Skin - what meds are in this category? Vaseline (Petroleum) Desitin (vitamin A & D ointment) PreSun, RV paba lipstick (Para-aminobenzoic acid) Debridement - Skin - what meds are in this category? Accuzyme (lytic enzymes) Santyl (collagenase) Local Antifungals - Skin - what meds are in this category? Aftate, Tinactin (tolnafate) Lotrimin (clotrimazole) MoniStat (miconazole nitrate) – vaginal antifungal Local Anti-Infective - Eyes - what meds are in this category? Bacitracin Ophthalmic Ciloxan (ciproflaxin) Tobrex (tobramycin) Chibroxin (norfloxacin) Sodium Sulamyd Miotics - Eyes - what meds are in this category? Pilocar, Isopto Carpine (pilocarpine HCL) Timoptic Solution (timolol maleate) **Beta-blocker Betoptic (betaxolol) Betagen (levobunolol) Trusopt (dorzolamide) Anti-infective/Anti-inflammatory - Eye - what meds are in this category? FML (fluoromethalone) AK-Pred (prednisolone) Voltaren (diclofenac) Mydriatics - Eye - what meds are in this category? atropine sulfate Lubricants - Eye - what meds are in this category? Tears Naturale, Liquifilm (artificial tears) Lacri-lube Anti-infective/Anti-inflammatory - Ear - what meds are in this category? neomycin Cortisporin Otic (neomycin polymyxin/hydrocortisone) Auralgan (antipyrine/benzocaine) Wax Control Agents - Ear - what meds are in this category? Debrox (carbamide peroxide) Cerumenex (polypeptide oleate) Diuretics - Urinary - what meds are in this category? Lasix (furosemide) Hydrodiuril (hydrochlorothiazide - HCTZ) Bumex (bumetanide) Aldactone (spironolactone) Demadex (torsemide) Potassium Replacements K+ - Urinary - what meds are in this category? K-Dur, Klor-con, Micro-K (KCL/ potassium chloride) K-Lyte Slow-K – delayed release, wax matrix form Bladder Tone (Bladder Spasms) - Urinary - what meds are in this category? Ditropan (oxybutynin) - antispasmodic, delays initial urge to void Urecholine (bethanechol) improves tone, promotes voiding Pyridium (phenazopyridine) - anesthetic action, relieves pain Anti-infectives - Urinary - what meds are in this category? Gantrisin (sulfisoxazole) - give on empty stomach, may cause N/V Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin) – give WITH food to lessen GI sx Septra, Bactrim (trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole) Cipro (ciprofloxacin) Floxin (ofloxacin)