Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions with Certified Solutions

Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions with Certified Solutions Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? ✔✔Ribosome Why is yeast used to make bread rise? ✔✔Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol an ...

Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions with Certified Solutions Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? ✔✔Ribosome Why is yeast used to make bread rise? ✔✔Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide How is mitosis different from meiosis? ✔✔Meiosis creates sex cells with half the # of chromosomes of the parent cell where as mitosis creates cells that are exact copies of each other, down to the number of chromosomes What can be altered? ✔✔DNA What is single stranded? ✔✔RNA What contains uracil? ✔✔RNA What codes for proteins? ✔✔DNA Imagine that two parents both carry the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis. Any homozygous recessive offspring will manifest the disease. What percentage of the offspring is predicted to be carriers but not manifest the disease? ✔✔50 percent A cell is in a solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside the cell. What would you expect to happen to the cell? ✔✔It will swell and probably burst/hypotonic situation What is the purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems? ✔✔It conducts food throughout the plant, it is the system of narrow tubes that transports sugars and other nutrients Physical factors such as temperature and pH can alter enzyme activity because they have an effect on the enzyme's ✔✔Shape, the shape of an enzyme controls it's fit with its substrate. Which part of a plants reproductive system is of a different gender than others? ✔✔Stamen (male reproductive organ) What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human? ✔✔Parasitism, one organism benefits off another The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. This indicates the house cats what? ✔✔Genus; species Kingdom/animalia Phylum/Chordata Class/mammalia Order/carnivora Family/felidae Genus/ Felis Species/catus Beeswax is an example of what kind of molecule? ✔✔Lipid, waxes oils and fats are lipids What takes place in a lysosome? ✔✔Food is digested, the lysosome contains digestive enzymes. The job of a lysosome is to digest food for cells and break down cells waste products Which organism reproduces via binary fission? ✔✔Salmonella In which phase of cell division do the chromosomes replicate? ✔✔Interphase-active phase of a cells reproductive life, the cell produces nucleic acids and proteins and doubled its # of chromosomes In a strand of DNA, you would expect to see adenine paired with? ✔✔Thymine/adenine Cytosine/guanine Hemophilia is a sex linked trait carried on the X chromosome. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring is predicted to have the disease? ✔✔1 female: 0 male What is represented by this formula 6CO2+6H2O=>C6H12O6+6O2 ✔✔Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide pairing with water to form a simple sugar and oxygen 3 students measured the mass of a product of combustion. They recorded measurements of 5.14g 5.16g and 5.17g if the known mass of the product is 5.30g how would you describe the students measurements? ✔✔Precise What is the energy pyramid? ✔✔Producers>primary consumers>secondary consumers>decomposers Which is not a step in the water cycle? ✔✔Nitrification(nitrogen cycle) Steps Condensation(gas to liquid) Transpiration(loss of water through a plants stomata) Absorption(intake of water from the water table by plant roots) Why do we perceive chlorophyll as green? ✔✔It fails to absorb green light Absorbs red and blue reflects green Why are bacteria and blue green algae often classified together? ✔✔Both are prokaryotes have no true nucleus Which molecule contains glucose? ✔✔Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates are simple sugars, complex carbohydrates are simple sugars linked with covalent bonds What conducts water up through the stem of a plant? ✔✔Xylem What are the female parts of a plant? ✔✔Pistil (female reproductive organ) Stigma (top part of pistil) Style (slender stalk below the stigma) Vascular plants whose seeds have no protective covering? ✔✔Gymnosperms Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis example blue-green algae ✔✔Autotrophs Infectious organisms that spread disease ✔✔Pathogens Which organelle is the site of energy production? ✔✔Mitochondrion What happens to glucose during glycolysis? ✔✔It splits into molecules of pyruvic acid What process do cells in the tip of a plants roots undergo to increase in number? ✔✔Mitosis How do RNA and DNA derive their names? ✔✔From the sugar each contains If a disease is carried on the dominant allele, only the aa combination of recessive genes represents a disease free offspring. ✔✔1 out of 4 or 25% are predicted to be disease free If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called? ✔✔Osmosis, because if cells are placed in a very salty solution, water molecules can diffuse across the cell membrane to move water from an area of greater concentration of water molecules (inside the cells) to an area with a lesser concentration of water molecules(the solution of salt water) Which animal has an open transport system? ✔✔Grasshopper How does an enzyme work on a chemical reaction that occurs in a substrate? ✔✔An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction, because enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions. They do this by lowering the amount of energy needed to begin the reaction. Where is the ovary located in a flowering plant? ✔✔Pistil Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit ✔✔Mutualism, both species receive mutual benefit Which gives the order of four taxonomic categories from least to most specific? ✔✔Kingdom phylum class order family genus species Which molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? ✔✔Carbohydrates and lipids Which structure is found in Protists but not in monerans? ✔✔Golgi apparatus How does yeast reproduce? ✔✔Budding What takes place during anaphase? ✔✔Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle What is DNA composed of? ✔✔Deoxyribose, a simple sugar, nitrogen based, and a phosphate group What are products of the Krebs cycle? ✔✔ATP, carbon dioxide, NADH The Krebs or citric acid cycle is the third step of what? ✔✔Carbohydrate catabolism, the breakdown of sugar. Before it begins, glucose has been broken down via glycolysis into pyruvic acid Whose efficiency of energy is greater on the energy pyramid? ✔✔Herbivore What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle? ✔✔To release carbon dioxide Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoor? ✔✔Blue Which bacteria are spherical in shape? ✔✔Cocci What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits? ✔✔Hydrolysis, in hydrolysis any class of compound is broken down into subunits through the addition of water Which organelle provides storage space for the cell? ✔✔Vacuoles What is a byproduct of fermentation in muscle cells? ✔✔Lactic acid In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes? ✔✔Telophase, the phase in which the spindle dissolves and new membranes and nucleoli form, leading to two new cells Which names a final step in protein synthesis? ✔✔Amino acid bonds What are the steps of protein synthesis? ✔✔Coded info from DNA is translated into a finished protein. First DNA unzips and RNA nucleotides bond with bases on each unzipped segment, forming messenger RNA. Then messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA moves into position along messenger RNA, and the amino acids attached to the transfer RNA molecules bond forming the protein. Foods with high salt content do not have to be refrigerated. What natural process prevents these foods from spoiling? ✔✔Osmosis What is necessary for active transport through a membrane to take place? ✔✔ATP What are enzymes made from? ✔✔Proteins What is an example of a gymnosperm? ✔✔Red cedar What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected? ✔✔Commensalism Dogs are part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this? ✔✔Order What are saturated fats saturated with? ✔✔Hydrogen atoms, all carbons are attached to two hydrogen atoms What is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? ✔✔Centriole. Vacuoles are found in plant cells but not animal cells Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces each of which may grow into a new sponge what is this form of reproduction called? ✔✔Fragmentation How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? ✔✔23 pairs for a total of 46 What happens to messenger RNA as it reaches the cytoplasm? ✔✔It attaches to a ribosome What are the raw materials needed for cellular respiration? ✔✔ADP, phosphate, and glucose not water Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption? Cow caterpillar coyote cricket ✔✔Coyote because the greatest energy content is at the base of the energy pyramid. A coyote being a secondary consumer is higher up the energy chain than any of the other choices How do green plants use nitrates in the nitrogen cycle? ✔✔To synthesize proteins. A nitrate is a nitrogen containing material found in soil. Green plants take in nitrates through their roots and use them to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins Which color of light is least effective at driving photosynthesis? ✔✔Green Which might be described as a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat? ✔✔Virus In contrast to triglycerides phospholipids are lacking what component ? ✔✔Fatty acid Which phase is the phase where DNA is replicated? ✔✔S Phase What is the growth phase? ✔✔G 1 What is the second growth phase where division occurs? ✔✔G2