Pathophysiology HESI Practice Quiz with Complete Answers

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Pathophysiology HESI Practice Quiz with Complete Answers Upon analysis of an electrocardiogram, what finding indicates a disturbance in electrical conduction in the ventricles? ✔✔QRS interval o... f 0.14 second Client recieving whole blood transfusion develops chills, fever, and headache 30 minutes after the transfusion is started. The nurse shoudl recognize these symptoms as characteristic of what reaction? ✔✔A febrile transfusion reaction Male client has never smoked but has had COPD for the past 5 years is now being assessed for cancer of the lung. The nurse knows that he is most likely to develop which type of lung cancer? ✔✔Adenocarcinoma (only lung cancer not related to cigarette smoking) The RN assessing an older client determines the left upper eyelid droops, covering more of the irsi than the right eyelid. Which description should the nurse use to document this finding? ✔✔Ptosis on the left eyelid A nurse is planning to teach self-care measures to a female client about prevention of yeast infections. Which instructions should the nurse provide? ✔✔Avoid tight-fitting clothing and do not use bubble-bath or bath salts. The parents of a child with hemophilia A ask the burse about their probability of having another child with hemophilia A. which information is the basis for the nurse's response? ✔✔- Sons of female carriers have 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia - Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder A nurse is assessing a postmenopausal woman who is complaining of urinary urgency and frequency and stress incontinence. She also reports difficulty in emptying her bladder. These complaints are most likely due to which condition? ✔✔Cystocele The nurse is assessing lab results for a client admitted with renal failure and osteodystrophy. Which findings are consistent with this client's clinical picture? ✔✔Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq and toatl calcium of 6 mg/dl Which clinical finding should the nurse identify in a client who is admitted with cardiac chirrhosis? ✔✔Peripheral edema The nurse is caring for a client who had an excision of a malignant pituitary tumor. Which findings should the nurse document that indicates the client is developing syndrome of SIADH? ✔✔Weight gain with low serum sodium A mother is crying as she rocks and hold bild with tetnus who is having muscular spasms and crying. After administering diazepam (Valium) to the child, what action should the nurse implement ✔✔Lay the child down and ask the mother to stay near the child in the crib A male client continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevvated. The nurse should explainn which pathophysiological mechanism? ✔✔As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood The nurse is planning care for a client who has a R hemispheric stroke. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse include in the plan of care? ✔✔Risk for injury related to denial of deficits and implusiveness Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal client? ✔✔Consume adequate foods rich in calcium A client is brought to the ER after a snow-skiing accident. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? ✔✔Review the electrocardiogram tracing The nurse is teaching a client with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), an autosomal recessive disorder, about the inheritance pattern. Which information should the nurse provide? ✔✔Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to occur The nurse is caring for a client with SIADH, which is manifested by which symptoms? ✔✔Loss of thirst, weight gain The severity of diabetic retinopathy is directly related to which condition? ✔✔Poor blood glucose control A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnoses with hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine volume of 1650mL. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the cloent's urinary tract obstruction? ✔✔Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck Which pathophysiological response supports a client's vomiting experience? ✔✔Spasmodic reflec of respiratory and gastric movements results from stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone Client with fractured R radius reports severe, diffus pain that has not responded to the prescribed analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement of the limb than with active movement by the client. The nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting symptoms of which condition? ✔✔Acute compartment syndrome Lab results for a patient admitted with renal failure and osteodystrophy. Which findings are consistent with this client's clinical picture? ✔✔Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq and total calcium of 6 mL/dL Deficiency of intrinstic factor = ✔✔Pernicious anemia A middle-aged male client asks the nurse what findings from his digital rectal examination promted the healthcare provider to prescribe a repeat serum protatic surface antigen level. What information should the nurse provide? ✔✔Stony. irregular nodules palpated on the prostate should be further evaluated. Th nurse is measuring BP on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta. Which BP finding should the nurse expect to obtain? ✔✔Lower in the legs than in the arms Pulmonary artery (PA) catheters... ✔✔measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement An intial HIV antibody screen (ELISA) is obtained. The nurse teaches the client that seroconversion to HIV positive relies on antibody reproduction by B lymphocytes after exposure to the virus. When should the nurse reccomend the client return for repeat blood testing? ✔✔6- 12 weeks Which condition is associated with an oversecretion of renin? ✔✔Hypertension Decorticate posturing is noted during a physical examination of a client. Which statement is accurate regarding this client's status based upon this finding? ✔✔Severe dysfinction of the cerebral cortex has occurred Muscular dystrophy is characterized by which pathophysiological condition? ✔✔Skeletal muscle degeneration Male client history: breast drains fluid secretion from the nipple The nurse should seek further evaluation of which endocrine gland function? ✔✔Hpothalmus and anterior pituitary A client with aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure. Which pathophysiological finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload? ✔✔Increase in size SIADH is a condition that is most often related to which predisposing condition? ✔✔Small cell lung cancer Which client is at highest risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to DM? ✔✔Type 1 DM and retinopathy and mild vision loss Atropine (an anticholinergic) is a precribed medication before surgery where anesthesia is used to... ✔✔decrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? ✔✔Increased HR The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse include in the plan of care? ✔✔Risk for injury related to denial of deficits and impulsiveness. A client with asthma recieves a prescription for high BP suring a clinic visit. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate the client to recieve that is least likely to exacerbate asthma? ✔✔Metoprolol tartrate (lopressor) What information should the nurse include in a teaching plan about the onset of menopause? ✔✔- Smoking - Oophorectomy with hysterectomy -Genetic influence - Chemotherapy exposure Which assesment finding provides the earliest indication that the client is experiencing septic shock? ✔✔Hyperpnea Which day of the month is best to do breast self-exams? ✔✔5-7 days after menses cease What is the underlying pathophysiologic process between free radicals and destruction of a cell membrane ✔✔Enzyme release from lysosomes A man who was recently diagnosed with Huntington's Disease asks the nurse is his adolescent son should be tested for the disease. What response is best for the nurse to provide? ✔✔Testing is needed because there is a 50% risk of passing the gene to each offspring When observing a client for symptoms of a large bowel obstruction, the nurse should asses for which finding? ✔✔Distention of the lower abdomen Several hours after a repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the client develops left flank pain. The nurse determines the client's urinary output is 20 ml.hr for the past 2 hours. The nurse should conclude that these findings support which complication? ✔✔Renal artery embolization A male clienthas question about the PSA screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which pathopysiological mechanism? ✔✔As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood. The nurse hears a short, high-pitched sound just before the end of inspiration in the R and L lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded? ✔✔Crackles in the R and L lower lobes What histologic findng in an affected area of the body would suggest the presence of chronic inflammation? ✔✔Increase in monocytes and macrophages Which signs and symptoms are associated with arterial insufficiency? ✔✔Pallor, intermittent claudication [Show More]

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