HESI A2- anatomy & physiology questions and answers 100% pass

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HESI A2- anatomy & physiology questions and answers 100% pass What is the name for the study of tissues? ✔✔Histology What is a group of cells that act together to perform specific functions? � ... �✔tissue name the 4 fundamental tissues in the body: ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve What type of cells cover, line and protect the body and it's internal organs? ✔✔epithelial cells What type of tissue are the framework of the body, providing support and structure for the organs? ✔✔connective tissue What type of tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as neuroglia? ✔✔nerve tissue What type of tisse has the ability to contract or shorten? ✔✔muscle tissue skeletal muscle is classified as what type of muscle? ✔✔voluntary smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is classified as what type of muscle? ✔✔involuntary Meiosis is the special cell division that takes place where? ✔✔the gonads During meiosis, the number of chromosomes are reduced from... ✔✔46-23 What is the largest organ in the body? ✔✔the skin The skin consists of two layers, name them: ✔✔epidermis & dermis What layer of skin is the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells? ✔✔epidermis Which layer of the skin is the underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and associated skin structures? ✔✔dermis Which layer of connective tissue rests on the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the superficial muscles? ✔✔dermis Acronym: Come, Let's Get Sun Burned (superficial to deep) ✔✔stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale What type of cells contain the protein pigment called melanin, which protects agains radiation from the sun? ✔✔Epidermal cells Name the 2 types of sweat glands: ✔✔eccrine & apocrine Which of the sweat glands are distributed all over the body, and what are their functions? ✔✔eccrine- releases a watery secretion that regulates body temperature How do the apocrine secretions contribute to body odor? ✔✔The secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from the secreting cells; This cells debris attracts bacteria, and the bresence of the bacteria on the skin results in body odor. what does a long bone have at each of it's ends? ✔✔epiphysis What are the epiphysis composed of? ✔✔spongy bone What are the cells that form compact bone? ✔✔osteoblasts & osteocytes The axial skeleton consists of: ✔✔28 bones of the skull, plus the vertebral column and 12 pairs of ribs What is the numerical breakdown of the vertebrae? ✔✔7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused to form the sacrum) What is the appendicular skeleton composed of? ✔✔upper and lower girdles, upper and lower limbs What are the samall units that make up myofibrils , which make up each muscle cell? ✔✔sarcomeres What are the components that must be present in order for a muscle to contract? ✔✔calcium & ATP The skeletal muscles that are under concious control are also known as? ✔✔voluntary muscles Skeletal muscles must work in pairs, what are the name of the types that provide movement? ✔✔prime mover & antagonist What works with a prime mover? ✔✔synergist reduces the angle at the joint: ✔✔flexor increases the angle at the joint: ✔✔extensor draw limb away from the midline: ✔✔abductors return limb back to the body: ✔✔adductors What are the main parts of a neuron? ✔✔cell body, axon, dendrites The nervous system is divided into: ✔✔The central nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS) What are the neurons that transmit nerve impulses towards the CNS? ✔✔sensory (afferent) neurons What part of the brain is associated with movement and sensory input? ✔✔cerebrum What part of the brain is resposible for muscular coordination? ✔✔cerebellum what part of the brain controls many vital functions such as repiration and heart rate? ✔✔medulla oblongata What is the name of the opening at the base of the skull? ✔✔foramen magnum How many pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord? ✔✔31 Which body system assists in homeostasis and plays an important role in growth and sexual maturation? ✔✔endocrine system What are the two major groups of hormones? ✔✔steroid and nonsteroid _______ hormones enter the target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus ✔✔steroid Most hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of ✔✔protein sythesis The master gland is ✔✔the pituitary gland [Show More]

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