Psychology > STUDY GUIDE > Cognitive Psychology Study Guide (Goldstein) Updated A+ Guide Solution (All)

Cognitive Psychology Study Guide (Goldstein) Updated A+ Guide Solution

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cognitive psychology (Ans- the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind Mind (Ans- 1) creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, ... emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning 2) a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals Cognition (Ans- the mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, etc. reaction time (Ans- how long it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus; pioneered by Donders simple reaction time (Ans- press a button upon presentation of a stimulus choice reaction time (Ans- push one of two buttons depending on a feature of the stimulus savings method (Ans- implemented by subtracting the number of trials needed to learn a list after a delay from the number of trials it took to learn a list the first time structuralism (Ans- overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience called sensations; strove to create a 'periodic table of the mind' analytic introspection (Ans- a technique in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli behaviorism (Ans- proposes that observable behavior, not consciousness, is the main object of study in psychology; rejects introspection as a method; pioneered by John Watson classical conditioning (Ans- pairing one stimulus with another, previously neutral, stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus; e.g. Pavlov's dog experiments operant conditioning (Ans- focuses on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers, or the withdrawal of negative reinforcers; developed by B.F. Skinner cognitive map (Ans- the mental conception of a spatial layout; used by Tolman to explain rat-maze results information-processing approach (Ans- traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition cognitive revolution (Ans- a shift in psychology from the behaviorist's stimulus-response relationships to an approach whose main thrust was to understand the operation of the mind artificial intelligence (Ans- 'making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving' (John McCarthy's definition) logic theorist (Ans- computer program devised by Alan Newell and Herbert Simon that was able to solve logic problems behavioral approach [Show More]

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