cognitive psychology
(Ans- the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind
Mind
(Ans-
1) creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language,
...
cognitive psychology
(Ans- the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind
Mind
(Ans-
1) creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning
2) a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals
Cognition
(Ans- the mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, etc.
reaction time
(Ans- how long it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus; pioneered by Donders
simple reaction time
(Ans- press a button upon presentation of a stimulus
choice reaction time
(Ans- push one of two buttons depending on a feature of the stimulus
savings method
(Ans- implemented by subtracting the number of trials needed to learn a list after a delay from the number of trials it took to learn a list the first time
structuralism
(Ans- overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience called sensations; strove to create a 'periodic table of the mind'
analytic introspection
(Ans- a technique in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
behaviorism
(Ans- proposes that observable behavior, not consciousness, is the main object of study in psychology; rejects introspection as a method; pioneered by John Watson
classical conditioning
(Ans- pairing one stimulus with another, previously neutral, stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus; e.g. Pavlov's dog experiments
operant conditioning
(Ans- focuses on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers, or the withdrawal of negative reinforcers; developed by B.F. Skinner
cognitive map
(Ans- the mental conception of a spatial layout; used by Tolman to explain rat-maze results
information-processing approach
(Ans- traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition
cognitive revolution
(Ans- a shift in psychology from the behaviorist's stimulus-response relationships to an approach whose main thrust was to understand the operation of the mind
artificial intelligence
(Ans- 'making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving' (John McCarthy's definition)
logic theorist
(Ans- computer program devised by Alan Newell and Herbert Simon that was able to solve logic problems
behavioral approach
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