Pharmacollogy 1 exam3 (GRADED A)

Pharmacollogy 1 exam3 Explain how lithium works to decrease nerve conduction. Select one: a. Lithium blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin back into the neuronal nerve endings, resulting in increases ...

Pharmacollogy 1 exam3 Explain how lithium works to decrease nerve conduction. Select one: a. Lithium blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin back into the neuronal nerve endings, resulting in increases in the level of neuronal activity, thereby alleviating the symptoms. b. The body uses lithium as if it were sodium. Na+ is normally required for conduction of nerve impulses; Li+ interferes with the nerve conduction, resulting in a decrease in the excitability of nerve tissue. c. Lithium acts directly to stimulate norepinephrine and dopamine receptors, which stimulate the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from the nerve endings, and it inhibits the reuptake of these neurotransmitters back into the nerve endings, alleviating the symptoms. d. None of these are correct. Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A patient calls the office and states that she has been taking amitriptyline for 2 to 3 days and she is still experiencing the feelings of depression she had before she began the treatment. She wants the doctor to change her medication because the amitriptyline is not working. After doing research on amitriptyline, you call the patient and explain to her that: Select one: a. The amitriptyline is working, but the full antidepressant effect can take as long as 2 to 4 weeks to develop. b. The amitriptyline is not working and the doctor will change her medication. c. The amitriptyline is working, but the full antidepressant effect can take as long as 7 to 10 days to develop. d. None of these are correct. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The earliest symptoms of Parkinson's disease are _____ and _____ Select one: a. Vertigo and forgetfulness b. Vertigo and maintaining balance c. Tremor and maintaining balance d. Tremor and muscular rigidity Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Describe the most common type of adverse effect that a patient who takes phenytoin (Dilantin) should be made aware of. Select one: a. Dizziness and ataxia b. Visual disturbances and postural imbalance c. Skin rashes, hirsutism, and overgrowth of the gums d. All of these are correct. Question 5 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Carbidopa enhances the action of levodopa by Select one: a. Inhibiting conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the basal ganglia b. Inhibiting conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery c. Promoting conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the basal ganglia d. Promoting conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Atypical antipsychotics differ from the other classes of antipsychotics because they: Select one: a. Have a greater impact on reducing dopamine activity over serotonin activity b. Have a greater impact on reducing dopamine activity over acetylcholine activity c. Have a greater impact on reducing serotonin activity over dopamine activity d. Have a greater impact on reducing acetylcholine activity over dopamine activity Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A patient with Parkinson's disease who may be mobile one minute and immobile the next is probably experiencing Select one: a. An overdose of levodopa b. The on-off phenomenon c. Dyskinesias d. Livido reticularis Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text All of the following are advantages of dopamine receptor agonists over levodopa except Select one: a. Better able to cross blood brain barrier b. Longer duration of action c. Lower incidence of dyskinesias d. Less incidence of on-off phenomenon Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures are the most dramatic seizures in appearance. Describe the signs to look for in order to determine that a person has experienced a grand mal seizure. Select one: a. Confusion, fatigue, and muscle pain and soreness usually follow a grand mal seizure. b. Increase in blood pressure, heart rate, urination, and defecation is common. c. Periods of alternating muscle contractions and relaxation, resembling a jerking motion, are present. d. All of these are correct. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A beneficial side effect of phenothiazine antipsychotics would be for the treatment of what condition? Select one: a. Hyperthermia b. Constipation c. Diarrhea d. Nausea and vomiting Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Identify the side effect most commonly associated with the use of oxazolidinediones. Select one: a. Snow blindness b. Dry mouth c. Aplastic anemia d. Orthostatic hypotension Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A reduction in tremor and muscular rigidity would be directly accomplished with Select one: a. Amantadine b. Anticholinergic drug c. COMT inhibitor d. Dopamine agonist Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Levodopa crosses the blood brain barrier through _____ which is normally specific for _____ Select one: a. Transporters, amino acids b. Transporters, glucose c. Ligand-gated ion channels, sodium d. Ligand-gated ion channels, calcium Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Patients taking lithium should be instructed to drink an adequate amount of fluids and take adequate amounts of sodium. Select the reason why this precaution is necessary. Select one: a. Hyponatremia promotes the retention of lithium, which can lead to toxic levels of lithium in the blood. b. Sodium ions and lithium compete against each other for renal elimination. c. Lithium is a salt and will lead to an increase in thirst and an increase in the frequency of urination. d. All of these are correct. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text A special formulation of which type of atypical antipsychotic would be available for a difficult patient needing immediate treatment from a psychotic episode? Select one: a. Aripiprazole b. Clozapine c. Risperidone d. Olanzapine Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text All of the following atypical antipsychotic drugs will not produce anticholinergic, alpha-adrenergic blocking, or antihistaminic actions associated with side effects except: Select one: a. Aripiprazole b. Risperidone c. Clozapine d. Olanzapine Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Explain the pharmacologic actions of bupropion (Wellbutrin). Select one: a. Bupropion increases the release of epinephrine and dopamine. b. Bupropion inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine. c. Bupropion has minimal effect to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin. d. All of these are correct. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Describe the difference between anticonvulsant drug agents and antiepileptic drug agents. Select one: a. An anticonvulsant is a drug, usually administered IM or IV, that terminates convulsive seizures. An antiepileptic is a drug, usually administered orally, that can be used prophylactically to reduce or prevent epileptic seizures. b. An antiepileptic is a drug, usually administered IM or IV, that terminates convulsive seizures. An anticonvulsant is a drug, usually administered orally, that can be used prophylactically to reduce or prevent epileptic seizures. c. Anticonvulsant agents and antiepileptic agents are interchangeable terms that can be used for any drug agent that is used to treat seizures, regardless of route of administration. d. None of these are correct. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Excessive blockade of dopamine D2 receptors will eventually result in: Select one: a. Downregulation of receptors b. Schizoprenia c. Extrapyramidal syndrome d. Anxiety Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Adverse effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics are due to: Select one: a. Stimulation of cholinergic and histamine receptors b. Blocking of cholinergic and histamine receptors c. Stimulation of D2 and histamine receptors d. Blocking of D2 and histamine receptors Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Stalevo® is a triple combination medication containing all of the following except Select one: a. Bromocriptine b. Levodopa c. Carbidopa d. Entacapone Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Differentiate between the common dosage ranges of the atypical SSRIs, and select the correct daily dosage range of duloxetine (Cymbalta). Select one: a. 40–60 mg by mouth b. 300–600 mg by mouth c. 50–200 mg by mouth d. 225–375 mg by mouth Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Differentiate between the groups of drug agents listed, and select the first-line treatment for generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Select one: a. Phenytoin (Dilantin), valproic acid (Depakene), and carbamazepine (Tegretol) b. Ethosuximide (Zarontin), valproic acid (Depakene), and lamotrigine (Lamictal) c. Phenytoin (Dilantin) and lorazepam (Ativan) d. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) and phenytoin (Dilantin) Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Using the available treatments for seizures, determine the recommended treatment for a patient with partial seizures who must be prescribed a liquid medication. Select one: a. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, or valproic acid b. Lamotrigine, phenytoin, or levotiracetam c. Diazepam, lacosamide, and phenytoin d. None of these are correct. Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Describe the type of disorder that responds to treatment with lithium. Select one: a. Disorders characterized by alternating cycles of depression and mania b. Disorders characterized by hyperactivity and excessive elevation of mood c. Disorders characterized by wide shifts in mood d. All of these are correct.