NSG 123 Exam 3 - Questions and Answers Why is hypertension called the "Silent Killer"? Hypertension is sometimes called the silent killer because people who have it are often symptom free Pre-hypertension The category
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NSG 123 Exam 3 - Questions and Answers Why is hypertension called the "Silent Killer"? Hypertension is sometimes called the silent killer because people who have it are often symptom free Pre-hypertension The category of prehypertension is used to emphasize that people whose blood pressure begins to rise above 120/80 mm Hg are at risk to become hypertensive Stage One Hypertension Stage 1: Systolic of 140-159 or Diastolic 90-99 Stage Two Hypertension Stage2: Systolic over 160 or Diastolic over 100 Primary Hypertension Definition About 95% of patients with high blood pressure have primary hypertension (also called essential hypertension), which is defined as high blood pressure from an unidentified cause Secondary Hypertension Definition about 5%, have secondary hypertension, which occurs when a cause for the high blood pressure can be identified. These causes include chronic kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, hyperaldosteronism (mineralocorticoid hypertension), pheochromocytoma, and sleep apnea Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate, and one of the most common diseases in aging men. Signs/Symptoms of BPH Obstructive and irritative symptoms may include urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy in starting urination, decreased and intermittent force of stream and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), and complications of acute urinary retention and recurrent UTIs. Normally, residual urine amounts to no more than 50 mL in the middle-aged adult and less than 50 to 100 mL in the older adult What is the reflux (backward flow) of urine from the urethra into the bladder? Ureterovesical reflux Preferred measure to establish bacteriuria Clean catch midstream urine specimen, urine culture Types of Lower UTI Bacterial cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder), bacterial prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland), and bacterial urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Types of Upper UTI Much less common and include acute or chronic pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis), interstitial nephritis (inflammation of the kidney), and kidney abscesses What should patients use to record voiding frequency and urine volume? Voiding Diary What are the names of Alpha Blockers used to treat BPH? Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin, Silodosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin What are the names of 5-ARI medications used to treat BPH? Finasteride and Dutasteride What percentage of men over 60 year of age have BPH? 50% What percentage of men over 85 years of age have BPH? 90% What PDE-5 inhibitors are currently available for use in ED? Currently available PDE-5 inhibitors include sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), and tadalafil (Cialis) 5 Types of Treatment for ED Oral Medications Penile Injections Urethral suppository Penile implants Negative pressure vacuum device Psychogenic Causes of ED Anxiety, fatigue, depression, pressure to perform sexually, negative body image, and absence of desire/privacy/trust Organic Causes of ED Cardiovascular Disease Endocrine Disease Cirrhosis Chronic Kidney Injury GU Conditions Hematologic Conditions Neurological Disorders Alcohol/Smoking Medications How often do we check BP to see if the hypertension is not stress related? 2 times How can a nurse evaluate the effectiveness of blood pressure medication such as Thiazide and CCB? Check patients BP How does angiotensin converting enzyme decrease BP? Decreasing sodium and water retention T/F Symptom of left ventricular failure is crackles in the lungs True T/F Iron deficiency anemia is caused by bone marrow not producing RBC adequately True, not enough iron to make RBC What assessment finding would a nurse expect to show effective iron deficiency anemia treatment? Client reports an increase in tolerating daily living activities Is this patient high risk for developing iron deficiency anemia? Client with history of menorrhagia and is on strict vegetarian diet Yes, menorrhagia and vegetarian Is this patient at risk for pernicious anemia? 50-year-old with gastric bypass surgery one year ago Yes, gastric bypass Key symptom in hemolytic transfusion reaction Back pain What assessment finding would the nurse expect on a client whose platelet level is 18,000/mm3? Petechiae 2 Main causes of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura HIV & Hepatitis 5 Ways bacteria may enter urinary tract
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