*NURSING > STUDY GUIDE > Chamberlain College of Nursing - NR 507Week 5 Quiz Specific Study Guide (1). (All)

Chamberlain College of Nursing - NR 507Week 5 Quiz Specific Study Guide (1).

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Week 5 Quiz Study Guide 1. What controls the direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells. Chap 21 p 704 Secretion of insulin is regulated by chemical, hormonal, and neural control. Insulin sec... retion is promoted when blood levels of glucose, amino acids (arginine and lysine), and gastrointestinal hormones (glucagon, gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin) increase, and when the beta cells are stimulated parasympathetically. Insulin secretion diminishes in response to low blood levels of glucose (hypoglycemia), high levels of insulin (through negative feedback to the beta cells), and sympathetic stimulation of the alpha cells in the islets. Prostaglandin (PGE2) also inhibits insulin secretion. 2. Types of protein hormones- chap 21 p 691 Once hormones are released into the circulatory system, they are distributed throughout the body. Peptide or protein hormones (pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid hormones; and insulin) are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms. Water-soluble hormones generally have a short half-life because they are catabolized by circulating enzymes. For example, insulin has a half-life of 3 to 5 minutes and is catabolized by insulinases. Lipid-soluble hormones, such as cortisol and adrenal androgens, are transported bound to a carrier or transport protein and can remain in the blood for hours to days. Only free hormones (those not bound to the carrier protein) can signal a target cell. Because an equilibrium exists between the concentrations of free hormones and hormones bound to plasma proteins, a significant change in the concentration of binding proteins can affect the concentration of free hormones in the plasma [Show More]

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