A patient is treated with an antibiotic for an infection in his leg. After 2 days of taking the
antibiotic, the patient calls the clinic and reports that he has a rash all over his body. The
nurse is aware that a rash
...
A patient is treated with an antibiotic for an infection in his leg. After 2 days of taking the
antibiotic, the patient calls the clinic and reports that he has a rash all over his body. The
nurse is aware that a rash can be an adverse effect of an antibiotic and can be either a
biologic, chemical, or physiologic action of the drug, which is an example of
Response
Feedback:
Pharmacodynamics is the biologic, chemical, and physiologic actions of a
particular drug within the body and the study of how those actions occur,
including adverse effects. It is how the drug affects the body. The
pharmacodynamics of a drug is responsible for its therapeutic effects and
sometimes its adverse effects. Pharmacotherapeutics refers to the desired,
therapeutic effect of the drug. Pharmacokinetics is the changes that occur to
the drug while it is inside the body. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how
genetic variables affect the pharmacodynamics of a drug in a specific
patient.
Question 2
Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes termed a drug?
Response
Feedback:
Even though all the responses are correct, a chemical must undergo a series
of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe
toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are
reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval.
Question 3
A patient has been prescribed an oral drug that is known to have a high first-pass effect.
Which of the following measures has the potential to increase the amount of the free drug
that is available to body cells?
Response
Feedback:
Unlike oral medications, drugs that are given intravenously do not initially
pass through the liver. As a result, the first-pass effect is mitigated and more
of the drug is available to cells. Frequent oral doses, low protein intake, and
administration with food do not reduce the first-pass effect.
Question 4
2
The culture and sensitivity testing of a patient's wound exudate indicates that a specific
antibiotic is necessary for treatment. The United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary
indicates that the drug in question is 96% protein bound. What are the implications of this
fact?
Response
Feedback:
A drug that is 96% protein bound has only 4% of ingested molecu
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