Acid- Base Balance
Don’t need to know
blood gases and
alk/acidosis
• In persons of all ages, body fluid is located in several compartments. The two major fluid compartments contain the intracellular fluid (fluid insi
...
Acid- Base Balance
Don’t need to know
blood gases and
alk/acidosis
• In persons of all ages, body fluid is located in several compartments. The two major fluid compartments contain the intracellular fluid (fluid inside
the cells) and the extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cells). The extracellular fluid is made up of intravascular fluid (the fluid within the blood
vessels) and interstitial fluid (the fluid between the cells and outside the blood and lymphatic vessels).
• All cells produce acidic waste products
• Carbonic: excreted by the lungs (ventilating) in the form of carbon dioxide and water
• Metabolic(noncarbonic): excreted by the kidneys
• Metabolic acids: Pyruvic, sulfuric, acetoacetic, lactic, hydrochloric, beta-hydroxybutyric
• Bicarbonate buffer managed by the kidneys. The blood bicarbonate concentration is an indicator of the amount of metabolic acids present, because
bicarbonate is used in buffering the acids. When the concentration is normal, metabolic acids are present in usual amounts
• Po2, PCO2, and pH monitored by hypothalamus, aorta, carotid arteries and signals sent to lungs
• Liver metabolizes proteins, which produce H+
ions
Electrolyte
Concentrations in Body
Fluid Compartments
(table 18-1)
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Components Vascular Interstitial
Na+ High High Low
K+ Low Low High
Ca+ Low Low Low, but higher than in ECF
Mg+ Low Low High
P Low Low High
Cl- High High Low
Proteins High Low High
Pediatric Differences
ECF= extracellular fluid
• Larger proportional weight of brain and skin (larger body surface area, greater loss of water through skin)
• Larger extracellular fluid percentage than older children and adults because their brain and skin (both rich in interstitial fluid) occupy a greater
proportion of their body weight
• Greater daily fluid need during infancy with little fluid volume reserve
- High respiratory and metabolic rate- lead to greater water loss from the lungs and greater water demand to fuel the body’s metabolic
processes
- Newborns need 4-5x greater daily water need per kilogram
• Kidneys immature under 2, unable to e
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