*NURSING > EXAM PROCTORED > Alterations in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance (All)

Alterations in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Document Content and Description Below

Acid- Base Balance Don’t need to know blood gases and alk/acidosis • In persons of all ages, body fluid is located in several compartments. The two major fluid compartments contain the intrace ... llular fluid (fluid inside the cells) and the extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cells). The extracellular fluid is made up of intravascular fluid (the fluid within the blood vessels) and interstitial fluid (the fluid between the cells and outside the blood and lymphatic vessels). • All cells produce acidic waste products • Carbonic: excreted by the lungs (ventilating) in the form of carbon dioxide and water • Metabolic(noncarbonic): excreted by the kidneys • Metabolic acids: Pyruvic, sulfuric, acetoacetic, lactic, hydrochloric, beta-hydroxybutyric • Bicarbonate buffer managed by the kidneys. The blood bicarbonate concentration is an indicator of the amount of metabolic acids present, because bicarbonate is used in buffering the acids. When the concentration is normal, metabolic acids are present in usual amounts • Po2, PCO2, and pH monitored by hypothalamus, aorta, carotid arteries and signals sent to lungs • Liver metabolizes proteins, which produce H+ ions Electrolyte Concentrations in Body Fluid Compartments (table 18-1) Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Intracellular Fluid (ICF) Components Vascular Interstitial Na+ High High Low K+ Low Low High Ca+ Low Low Low, but higher than in ECF Mg+ Low Low High P Low Low High Cl- High High Low Proteins High Low High Pediatric Differences ECF= extracellular fluid • Larger proportional weight of brain and skin (larger body surface area, greater loss of water through skin) • Larger extracellular fluid percentage than older children and adults because their brain and skin (both rich in interstitial fluid) occupy a greater proportion of their body weight • Greater daily fluid need during infancy with little fluid volume reserve - High respiratory and metabolic rate- lead to greater water loss from the lungs and greater water demand to fuel the body’s metabolic processes - Newborns need 4-5x greater daily water need per kilogram • Kidneys immature under 2, unable to e [Show More]

Last updated: 3 years ago

Preview 1 out of 22 pages

Buy Now

Instant download

We Accept: