Chamberlain PHI 208 Week 5 Final Exam | Complete Solutions Explained

Chamberlain PHI 208 Week 5 Final Exam 1. Question : In the video, “Drones Are Ethical and Effective,” Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is ethical because it provides a greater separation between ...

Chamberlain PHI 208 Week 5 Final Exam 1. Question : In the video, “Drones Are Ethical and Effective,” Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is ethical because it provides a greater separation between the target and operator it allows us to maintain a list of high value targets it is more precise than other forms of weaponry none of the above Question 2. Question : What does Tom Regan say is the source of inherent value in an individual? Individuals have equal inherent value by virtue of being experiencing subjects of a life, i.e. conscious beings whose lives matter to them We have equal inherent value if we are able to experience pain and pleasure, suffering and misery We do not all have inherent value; only those that live and abide by moral principles have inherent worth Different societies have different views about what is right and wrong, so the ‘inherent value’ of individuals is relative Question 3. Question : This is one way that men can contribute to the destruction of sexual objectification of women they can be kind to women they can tell women that they are attractive they can stop seeking attention they can stop evaluating women based on their looks Question 4. Question : Held claims that this abstract concept has guided the development of Western ethics The man of reason The feminist woman The child of love The mother of care Question 5. Question : In the excerpt from Plato’s Republic, Glaukon suggests that people are good only because they are powerless to commit injustice and get away with it. because their conscience tells them to be. out of reverence for the law. because living justly is objectively the best sort of life. Question 6. Question : This is the name of the female goddess to which young girls are dedicated and then forced into prostitution in India Vishnu Krishna Lakshmi Yellamma Question 7. Question : Kenneth Anderson argues that the fact that drones make the resort to force easier means that enemies will always be too afraid to attack us does not mean that drones make the resort to force too easy means that we should instead favor cruise missiles all of the above Question 8. Question : Peter Singer’s “basic principles of equality” applied to animals means: Animals should be given all the same rights as human beings. Animals are not entitled to not all the same rights but to an equal consideration of interests. Animals should not be given the same moral consideration because they are do not have the same power to reason as humans. Animals do not have rights unless they can demonstrate the same abilities as humans. Question 9. Question : In the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective,” Jeremy Waldron argues that drones are not ethical because their use involves total transparency and accountability the assurance that only combatants will be targeted the maintenance of a secret death list by government authorities all of the above Question 10. Question : According to Rachels, the “conventional doctrine” maintains that: active euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but passive euthanasia never is. passive euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but active euthanasia never is. both active and passive euthanasia are sometimes permissible. neither active nor passive euthanasia are ever permissible. Question 11. Question : Robinson describes magnanimity as the mean between the extremes of: Vanity and vice Generosity and selfishness Generosity and greed Vanity and pusillanimity None of the above Question 12. Question : According to Tom Regan, which of the following should compel us to accept the equal rights of animals? Sentiment – our feelings for the welfare of animals Law – legal regulations requiring us to respect the rights of animals Reason – this theory has the best reasons on its side Religion – the laws of God mandate human compassion Question 13. Question : Nagel’s argument that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object means that which of the following would probably not be permissible? Torturing a prisoner to get the names of his confederates. Attacking an enemy country’s agricultural system. Bombing major cultural centers. All of the above. Question 14. Question : Held uses this example to talk about the political distinctions that separate men and women in the realms of the public and the private a business man going out for cocktails a mother nursing her child a city planner developing a building a mother homeschooling her children Question 15. Question : Which of the following does not happen to pigs on today’s factory farms in the “Meet Your Meat” video? They are raised in extreme confinement so dense that they can’t turn around They are castrated and have tails chopped without pain killers They are slaughtered quickly and painlessly Many are quite conscious while being slaughtered Question 16. Question : Rachels claims that active euthanasia: sometimes leads to more suffering than passive euthanasia. sometimes leads to the same amount of suffering as passive euthanasia. sometimes leads to less suffering than passive euthanasia. all of the above. Question 17. Question : Utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory? deontological consequentialist trolly problematic egoistical Question 18. Question : What does Peter Singer say about the history of liberation movements? They tend to become narrower in scope … zeroing in on the exact class that deserves moral consideration. They tend to become wider in scope … with people learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not considered. They tend to become more discriminatory … giving fewer and fewer rights to the less privileged. They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional wisdom. Question 19. Question : The philosopher John Stuart Mill recognized the following as a potential problem for utilitarianism It holds people to standards that are too high. It may lead to increased liberty and justice. It may result in a tyranny of the majority It may lead people to think independently of religious authority. Question 20. Question : What happens to the offspring of dairy cows, according to the video “Meet Your Meat”? They are taken away at a young age They stay with their mothers until a healthy age They are placed in animal sanctuaries They go to pasture to become breeders Question 21. Question : Kant argues that when I find someone in need: I should give whatever spare resources I have unless it makes me worse off than the person I’m trying to help. I should consider a world in which no one helped me when I was in need, recognize that I could never will such a world, and help them in the best way that I can. I should sympathize with them, but recognize that the world is better off overall if we each only look after our own interests. I should remember that as autonomous beings they are responsible for their own situation, and thus that I have no responsibility to help them out. Question 22. Question : Leon Kass argues that the primary responsibility of physicians is to: respect the autonomy of the patient. make decisions on the basis of compassion and good intention. benefit sick by the activity of healing. preserve a patient’s life by every means possible. Question 23. Question : According to psychiatric studies, which of the following has been discovered about the relationship between criminal violence and childhood abuse? Criminal violence follows childhood abuse equally in males and females Women are more likely to commit criminal violence if the childhood abuse was at a younger age When criminal violence follows childhood abuse it is almost always in males No correlation has been found at all between criminal violence and childhood abuse Question 24. Question : Tom Regan’s view of animals is that They are important but not quite as important as human beings They have rights, which means that they should never be used for human purposes They may be ethically used because they were bred and raised for that purpose That they may be eaten because do not have souls like we do and are lower on the food chain Question 25. Question : What is the point of Regan’s discussion about Aunt Bea and utilitarianism’s respect for human life? Utilitarianism feels that human life is paramount and not to be sacrificed under any circumstance Utilitarianism would say that God’s law that “thou shalt not kill” will have very few exceptions Utilitarianism says that human life has not much value at all, a person can be killed for relatively minor reasons, like stealing their money Because utilitarianism is aggregative, one individual’s right to life can be overridden in order to save many other people’s lives Question 26. Question : What does Tom Regan say about the cruelty/kindness approach to animal ethics? The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms of our obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals It is inadequate because it is possible to do wrong while being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without being deliberately cruel It has no relevance to animal ethics because animals are cruel to each other You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right measure Question 27. Question : Robinson suggests that the more closely one associates with one’s identity with a certain group, the more one will Associate one’s honor with defying the honor of the group Associate one’s honor with that of the group Associate one’s honor with that of the enemy group Associate one’s honor with the honor of prudence None of the above Question 28. Question : According to Thomas Hill’s account of environmental ethics, a person might show a lack of virtue when they: fail to realize that human needs and interests are worthless and unimportant. fail find any aesthetic value in nature. fail to recognize the rights of nonsentient beings. All of the above. Question 29. Question : Rachels claims that most actual cases of killing: are morally worse than most actual cases of letting die. are morally the same most actual cases of letting die. are morally less bad than most actual cases of letting die. are morally required. Question 30. Question : What is palliative care? Treatments that relieve suffering for people in life threatening situations that allow them to live their lives to the fullest. Treatments that are only provided in Canada. Treatments that heal people when they face life-threatening illnesses. Treatments that involve painful processes that help to kill cancer and other diseases. Question 31. Question : Glaukon seems to think that people are Naturally benevolent Naturally pious Naturally just Naturally egocentric Question 32. Question : Which of the following would be an idea shared both by the teacher (Kevin Kline) from the clip of The Emperor’s Club, and by either MacIntyre or Aristotle (or both)? If you act dishonestly, you are bound to eventually get caught, and that is why you should always be honest. If one exercises the virtues like honesty, one is bound to achieve greater wealth, success, and honor. Cheating might lead to external success, but at the cost of internal failure. Watch what you say because you never know who might be listening . Question 33. Question : What is Tom Regan’s position about the use of animals in research and agriculture? Animals should be used whenever it can be proven that the human benefits outweigh the harms caused to the animals Animals should never be used for medical research or commercial agriculture Animals should only be used for medical research shown to be beneficial to humanity, never for agriculture Animals should be used in both medical research and agriculture but should be treated as humanely as possible Question 34. Question : In the video “What Is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer argues it is important to read the essays and memoir literature of soldiers because they make the toughest moral decisions on the battlefield they contain critical material regarding the actual experience of war moral arguments about war should ring true to all of the above Question 35. Question : Kant explains that respect for a person is: the recognition of the worth of the person’s potential contribution to society. dependent upon whether the person respects others. both A and B none of the above. Question 36. Question : According to Kant, persons: are rational beings. must always be regarded as an end. have absolute value. all of the above. Question 37. Question : In The Emperor’s Club, what best describes the teacher’s (Kevin Kline) response to his student’s (Emile Hirsch) admission of cheating? He hugged him and thanked him for being honest. He threatened to turn him in and have him punished. He challenged him to regard virtue and character as more important than success alone. He reminded him that it is against school policy to cheat, and thus that he erred by breaking the school’s rules. Question 38. Question : In 2003, how many people died in Canada, according to the video “Dying for Care: Quality Palliative and End of Life Care in Canada”? 350,000 2.2 million 750,000 226,000 Question 39. Question : In the article “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that moral absolutism is consistent with the principles of utilitarianism can be used to justify genocide is primarily concerned with what a person is doing is primarily concerned with the outcome of a person’s actions Question 40. Question : How have historians tended to treat typically male tendencies versus typically female tendencies? Historians value female tendencies more highly because it is childbearing and childrearing that enable the group to survive Female traditions have been emphasized because they reflect keep aesthetic refinement and sophistication Male tendencies, like mathematics, warfare, and even singing have been prized more highly No correlation has been found at all between criminal violence and childhood abuse Question 41. Question : Leon Kass argues that legalizing euthanasia will: lead to a breakdown of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. lead to patients feeling coerced into opting for euthanasia. lead to a decline in the use of palliative care. all of the above. Question 42. Question : In the video “What is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory requires us to imagine the rules of war as they would apply to a peaceful, civil society requires us to judge the conduct of a war independently of the character of the war requires us to imagine that a war is like a bank robbery, and that the just warrior defending his country has rights the unjust warrior invading his country does not have none of the above Question 43. Question : What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer seems to agree) endorse? Moral relativism Anarchism Utilitarianism Social Contract Theory Question 44. Question : According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of: only the agent. only the agent and those the agent cares about. everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent more heavily. everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness equally. Question 45. Question : In Gilligan’s article, the example of Heinz involves which crime theft murder arson racketeering Question 46. Question : According to Rachels, active euthanasia involves: the intentional termination of one’s life by another person, to relieve pain and suffering. ceasing to use “extraordinary means” to prolong someone’s life. intentionally causing a patient’s death, against the patient’s wishes. the refusal to treat a patient to avoid incurring unnecessary costs. Question 47. Question : Robinson argues that integrity should be regarded as: An absolute value in all military activities An absolute value in the honor group An absolute value only on the battlefield An absolute value only for noncombatants None of the above Question 48. Question : According to Tom Regan, what is fundamentally wrong with our current system? It mistreats animals in captivity It does not adequately reduce the number of experiments to only what is medically necessary It treats animals as resources; as though they exist for us That it doesn’t utilize animals enough for beneficial purposes Question 49. Question : Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about the badness of destroying the environment is: To think about what kind of human would choose to destroy the earth. To appeal to theories about God and care for the earth. To examine people’s intuitions about whether it is right to harm the environment. To examine the rights that belong to the environment and act on the basis of those rights. Question 50. Question : Which of the following does Tom Regan say about the utilitarian approach to animal ethics? It is inadequate because it does not give value to individuals but only to their feelings It is perfect because it does not allow for discrimination based upon morally irrelevant attributes like race or species It is wrong because it treats human suffering as more important than animal suffering It ignores everything that does not have enough ‘utility’ and therefore does not take into account important things that it does not consider ‘useful’