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NR507 PATH FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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-This will initiate the secretory phase of endometrial development. -Glands and blood vessels in the endometrium branch and curl through a functional layer, and the glands begin to secrete a thin glycogen-containing fluid= the secretory phase. *If conception occurs the nutrient-laden endometrium is ready for implantation. *The HCG hormone is secreted 3 days after fertilization by blastocytes and maintains the corpus luteum once implantation occurs at day 6 or 7. *HCG can be detected in maternal blood or urine about 8-10 days after ovulation. *Production of estrogen and progesterone continue until placenta can adequately maintain hormonal production. *Ovulatory cycles have a length of 24-26.5 days. *The primary ovarian follicle requires 10-12.5 days to develop. *The luteal phase appears at 14 days. Ovarian events of the menstrual cycle are controlled by gonadotropins. High FSH levels stimulate follicle and ovum maturation (follicular phase), then a surge of LH causes ovulation, which is followed by development of the corpus luteum (luteal phase). Ovarian hormones control the uterine (endometrial) events of the menstrual cycle. During the follicular/proliferative phase of the ovarian cycle, estrogen produced by the follicle causes the endometrium to proliferate (proliferative phase) and induces the LH surge and progesterone production in the granulosa layer. During the luteal/secretory phase, estrogen maintains the thickened endometrium, and progesterone causes it to develop blood vessels and secretory glands (secretory phase). As the corpus luteum degenerates, production of both hormones drops sharply, and the “starved” endometrium degenerates and sloughs off, causing menstruation, the ischemic/menstrual phase. Cyclic changes in hormone levels also cause thinning and thickening of the vaginal epithelium, thinning and thickening of cervical secretions, and changes in basal body temperature. Uterine Prolapse descent of cervix or entire uterus into vaginal canal. In severe cases the uterus falls completely through the vagina and protrudes from the introitus. Symptoms of other pelvic floor disorders may also be present. Tx depends on severity of symptoms and physical condition of woman. First line treatment is often a pessary- removable mechanical device that holds uterus in position. The pelvic fascia may be strengthened through kegels or by estrogen therapy in menopausal women. Healthy BMI, preventing

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