Complete Beat the Beast THREE - BCBA Mock Exam - Understanding Behavior | Answered (elaborated) 100% A+ | Updated Fall 2025/26.

Beat the Beast THREE - BCBA Mock Exam - Understanding Behavior Section A 4 / 8 (50%) Section B 11 / 24 (45%) Section C 10 / 21 (47%) Section D 4 / 13 (30%) Section E 15 / 22 (68%) Section F 15 / 23 (65%) Section G ...

Beat the Beast THREE - BCBA Mock Exam - Understanding Behavior Section A 4 / 8 (50%) Section B 11 / 24 (45%) Section C 10 / 21 (47%) Section D 4 / 13 (30%) Section E 15 / 22 (68%) Section F 15 / 23 (65%) Section G 14 / 25 (56%) Section H 10 / 20 (50%) Section I 13 / 19 (68%) Points: 1/1 1. Brenda grew up in a very conservative, religious family. Over the past few years, Brenda has been able to work with a number of clients from cultural and religious backgrounds that are very different from her own without any impact on her ability to provide services ethically and professionally. This has been due to her purposeful practice of identifying her own personal biases, reflecting on ways these biases may interfere with her work, taking steps to prevent any interference, and carefully evaluating her own behavior to ensure continued professionalism. Brenda's latest client is a young child whose parents are a same-sex couple. While reflecting on her own biases in this specific case, she is worried that her usual practices may not be sufficient this time. Based on the results of her reflection along with her desire to ensure that her personal biases do not interfere with appropriate and professional service delivery in this case, what would be Brenda's best course of action? A. Seek mentorship or peer consultation to help better understand her personal beliefs, maintain an awareness of their potential impact on her provision of services, and take steps to resolve any potential interference in her professional work B. Maintain professional and personal boundaries by avoiding discussion of the family structure and working primarily with only one parent, rather than both parents together C. Proceed with the understanding that personal beliefs do not impact professional actions or decision making D. Focus on the child's behavior and skill acquisition plans without considering family dynamics in order to decrease the possibility that personal biases will affect the way plans are written or implemented, and ensure that all RBTs working on this case do the same Points: 1/1 2. Your client, Sam, has a history of hitting his head with the heel of his palm repeatedly and with force, and you have determined that this behavior is reliably proceeded by facial grimacing and grunting. You need to identify the function of the behavior in order to plan a function-based intervention, but you have concluded that a typical functional analysis would be too dangerous due to the severity of the behavior. Instead, you plan to conduct a precursor FA. Which of the following options best describes the general procedure for a precursor FA for Sam's behavior? A. During each condition of the FA, track the time between the introduction of the EO and the exhibition of facial grimacing, grunting, or head-hitting B. Only run each condition of the FA one time for 5 minutes and record the frequency of the behavior; re-test only those conditions with higher counts of the target behavior C. During each condition of the FA, provide the condition-specific reinforcement immediately upon the exhibition of facial grimacing and grunting D. Alternate control conditions with test conditions for each function; present the EO for each test condition and reinforce the earliest sign of the target behavior, then end that condition Points: 0/1 3. Terry is taking over a case from another BCBA. While reviewing the treatment plan, Terry sees that the previous BCBA conducted a functional behavior assessment which concluded that the client's property destruction behaviors were escape-maintained. After completing the functional analysis, the previous BCBA implemented a token economy system, a DRA procedure, and an NCR procedure. Feedback logs between the previous BCBA and the RBTs who worked directly with the client indicated that the RBTs found this system cumbersome and difficult for data recording. Although the data showed a decrease in property destruction behaviors and an increase in successful skill acquisition trials per session, Terry is concerned that the RBTs will also find the system cumbersome. What type of analysis would allow Terry to determine if the same results could be obtained with a less complex intervention system? A. Nonparametric analysis B. Parametric analysis C. Component analysis D. Comparative analysis Points: 1/1 4. After a few years working as a BCBA in a local clinic, Olga and her family are moving across the state to be nearer Olga's spouse's aging parents. Which of the following statements best applies to the resumes she will be sending out as Olga seeks a new BCBA position in her new city? A. Olga's resume should include statement such as "increased each client's vocal repertoires" or "decreased all problem behaviors across settings" without including client-specific information. B. Olga's resume should highlight the most successful cases she has had experience with to demonstrate her potential benefit to the companies she is applying to. C. Olga's resume should include specific information regarding cases you have worked on so the companies she is applying to can verify her experience with her former employer; however, she must ensure that your resumes are only seen by potential employers. D. Olga's resume should include truthful statements regarding her work experience, including what populations, behaviors, and interventions she is competent with; however, she must be careful not to make misleading or exaggerated statements regarding her work history. Points: 0/1 5. A learner has been taught to receptively and expressively identify colors, to label pictures of fruits and vegetables according to the object, color, or category, and to touch the correct item in an array when given an SD that includes a color and a category (e.g. "touch the red fruit"). Next, the BCBA introduces verbal conditional discrimination training, though the client is struggling with this skill. When asked "What is a green vegetable?" and "What is a green fruit?" the learner gives the same response ("broccoli") for both questions, indicating that they are not attending to all relevant parts of the verbal stimulus. Which of the following procedures could the BCBA use in order to increase the learner's ability to demonstrate verbal conditional discrimination? A. Introduce a differential observing response by asking the learner to repeat the color and category before giving their answer (Ex: BCBA: "What is a green fruit?" Learner: "Green fruit. Lime.") B. Introduce a within stimulus prompt by emphasizing the part of the verbal stimulus that the learner is not attending to (Ex: BCBA: "What is a green FRUIT?" Learner: "Lime.") C. Either A or B D. Neither A nor B Points: 1/1 6. Which of the following is the most crucial variable that should be considered when designing a momentary time sampling procedure? A. Whether the behavior occurs for long or short durations B. Whether the data collector can attend to the individual constantly C. Whether the behavior of interest is targeted for increase or decrease D. None of these considerations are crucial for momentary time sampling Points: 1/1 7. Athena is a new BCBA who had practice running a couple different single-case experimental designs while accruing her supervision hours. Now she is certified and is working with her own caseload, and one of her new clients has inspired her to conduct a research study. This client, a 7-year-old boy with several skill acquisition programs and a history of aggressive behaviors that were maintained by access to tangibles, had shown interest in a peer's token economy system. His RBT had been using a VR5 reinforcement system for correct responding to receive toys. The procedure had been increasing correct responding, but aggressive behaviors continued, despite an FBA confirming an access function. Athena wondered if a token economy system where tokens were delivered on a denser VR schedule and were backed up by a robust menu of his favorite edibles, toys, and activities would help to maintain the increase in correct responding and decrease instances of aggression. What single-case experimental design would be best for Athena to use to most clearly demonstrate the presence or absence of a functional relation between the token economy and target behavior? A. A multielement design randomizing sessions using the token economy system, the current VR5 schedule, and no treatment conditions B. A reversal design where the baseline conditions include the already present VR5 schedule of reinforcement alternating with treatment conditions using the token economy system in an ABAB pattern C. A changing criterion design with a short baseline phase followed by treatment phases with systematically varying ratios of token delivery D. A multiple baseline across participants design where the introduction of the token economy system for Athena's client is compared to the introduction of the same token economy system with another client of similar age Points: 0/1 8. Which of the following options accurately represents the continuing education requirements for BCBAs? A. During the 2-year recertification cycle, BCBAs need a total of 20 CEUs. These CEUs must include 4 units in Ethics and 3 units in supervision. B. During the 2-year recertification cycle, BCBAs need a total of 32 CEUs. These CEUs must include 4 units in Ethics, 2 units in diversity, equity, and inclusion, and 3 units in supervision, if you will be providing ongoing supervision for RBTs/BCaBAs, or will be providing supervision for BCBA or BCaBA trainees. C. During the 2-year recertification cycle, BCBAs need a total of 32 CEUs. These CEUs must include 4 units in Ethics and 3 units in supervision, if you will be providing ongoing supervision for RBTs/BCaBAs, or will be providing supervision for BCBA or BCaBA trainees. D. During the 3-year recertification cycle, BCBAs need a total of 32 CEUs. These CEUs must include 4 units in Ethics, 2 units in diversity, equity, and inclusion, and 3 units in supervision. Points: 0/1 9. A BCBA took procedural integrity data across three RBTs working with a client who has not made sufficient progress with their skill acquisition goals after 3 weeks of implementing the plan. What is the best data-based decision for the BCBA to make first if they determine that the average procedural integrity for implementing the learner's goals is around 90%? A. The BCBA should provide some brief feedback to the RBTs about treatment integrity and investigate other explanations for lack of progress B. The BCBA should modify the skill acquisition goals so that the RBTs can get closer to 100% treatment integrity C. The BCBA should use behavior skills training to retrain the RBTs on the correct procedure for implementing the skill acquisition programs D. The BCBA should provide some brief feedback to the RBTs about treatment integrity and continue the current treatment plan Points: 0/1 10. Which of the following is NOT true regarding single-case experimental design? A. Repeated measures are obtained by measuring a participant's behavior across all conditions of the study B. Only one participant is used so that individual's data can be used to determine whether or not the intervention is effective for that client C. The data in each phase of the experiment is compared against the participant's own behavior in other phases D. Verification and replication can show that the changes in a participant's behavior are due to the manipulation of the independent variable Points: 1/1 11. Which of the following statements are true, based on the graph below? A. High density practice using instructional method A is more effective than low density practice using instructional method B. B. Instructional methods A and B are equally effective during high density practice. C. Low density practice with either instructional method A or B is more effective than high density practice. D. High density practice using instructional method B is more effective than low density practice using instructional method A. Points: 0/1 12. Karl has been a BCBA for just over 6 months. In that time, he has demonstrated strong supervisory capabilities with the RBTs he supervises. His clinic manager meets with him and asks him to take on a trainee who is accruing hours toward becoming a BCaBA. Can Karl ethically take a BCaBA trainee? A. No, he cannot supervise trainees because he has been a BCBA for less than one year B. No, only BCaBAs can supervise BCaBA trainees C. Yes, since there are no restrictions on a BCBA supervising BCaBAs or RBTs D. Yes, if he has taken the 8-hour supervision training and has secured a consulting supervisor Points: 1/1 13. Health teacher Mr. Carson is about to teach a lesson on healthy eating habits. For one week prior to teaching the lesson, he takes data on the percentage of fruit and vegetable servings eaten by al of his students who purchase the standard school lunch. He plans to compare this to the percentage of fruit and vegetable servings eaten across the three weeks following the presentation of the lesson to see if fruit and vegetable consumption increases, and, if it does increase, whether or not the increase is maintained. What type of graph would best display Mr. Carson's data so that he will be able to see if a change occurred, if that change was dependent upon his lessons, and if that change maintains over a three-week period? A. Bar graph B. Line graph C. Cumulative graph D. Semilogarithmic graph Points: 1/1 14. Axel is a four-year-old with a limited vocal-verbal repertoire who attends preschool in the mornings and receives clinic-based services in the afternoons. He frequently shouts to get adult attention in both the preschool and clinic settings. His BCBA teaches him to raise his hand and wait for attention and provides high-magnitude, high-quality attention when he does so. The BCBA teaches his preschool staff to do the same. Any shouting for attention is given low-magnitude, low-quality attention. Which of the following procedures is the BCBA implementing? A. DRO without extinction B. DRA without extinction C. DRO with extinction D. DRA with extinction Points: 1/1 15. A BCBA is developing a plan for a 10-year-old client diagnosed with ADHD. The assessment indicates that the client exhibits task avoidance behaviors during homework time. The family has a strong preference for non-medication-based interventions and emphasizes the importance of incorporating their cultural practices, which include structured family study sessions and the use of storytelling as a teaching tool. The BCBA wants to develop an intervention that aligns with her ethical obligation to consider assessment results, scientific evidence, client preferences, and contextual fit. Which of the following would be the best approach for the BCBA to take? A. Implement a token economy system for work completion and modify the menu of backup reinforcers based on client and family preference B. Recommend ADHD medication due to strong research support in combination with using story-telling and family study sessions to teach and complete homework C. Design an intervention that integrates structured family study sessions and storytelling in teaching and provide strong reinforcers for participation D. Design an intervention that provides storytelling and family fun time contingent on completing homework Points: 0/1 16. Which of the following is NOT a potential danger of neglecting data when making decisions about the effectiveness of an intervention or the need to modify an intervention? A. An effective treatment may be discontinued if outcomes do not meet staff expectations B. Issues with procedural fidelity may not be identified as a cause for lack of progress C. Ineffective treatments that do not produce the desired changes in behavior are continued D. New goals are introduced when sufficient progress has been made with previous goals Points: 0/1 17. Which of the following is an example of operant extinction? A. Jimmy is driving his parents crazy by constantly hitting the buttons on his toy fire truck, causing it to make all kinds of loud, annoying noises. They tell him he can only play with that toy in his bedroom, but they can still hear the sounds. Finally, his parents decide they can't stand it anymore and destroyed his fire truck and threw it in the dumpster while he was sleeping. Jimmy no longer plays with his firetruck. B. Brianna's teachers meet to discuss their concerns with her calling-out behavior. They hypothesize that this behavior is attention-maintained, since they sometimes reprimand her when it happens, and sometimes allow her to answer the question or engage them in a conversation. The teachers decide to take away 1 minute of free time each time she calls out instead of raising her hand. After having her free time docked several times, she stopped calling out in class. C. After several days of fun and flirty text conversations with a man you met on a dating app, you make a plan to meet in person at a local bar. The day of your planned meeting, you text several times to say good morning and tell him how excited you are, but he never responds to any texts. You go to the bar that night and he never shows up. You try texting him several more times that night, and then a few times over the next several days, but never get a response. Finally, you give up and stop texting him. D. As a child, Jamie was riding her bike around her neighborhood when a large dog began chasing her barking ferociously. Luckily, it was inside a fenced yard and could not reach her, but that experience caused Jamie to be afraid of all dogs. Over the years, as you came in contact with a variety of dogs that did not bark ferociously at you, your fear response diminished and you were able to comfortably visit friends and relatives that had pet dogs. Points: 0/1 18. Compare the analog assessment portion of the brief FA graph for Darren with the extended FA graph. Based on these graphs, which of the statements below are true? A. Both the brief FA and the extended FA reach the same conclusion: Darren's aggressive behavior is maintained by access to tangibles. B. Since both the brief FA and the extended FA reached the same conclusion, brief FAs should always be used over extended FAs C. The brief FA did not completely capture the function of the behavior like the extended FA did; it is a shortcut that should be avoided if possible. D. Both A & B Points: 0/1 19. Which of the following statements about this graph are NOT true? Ledford JR, Lane JD, Severini KE. Systematic Use of Visual Analysis for Assessing Outcomes in Single Case Design Studies. Brain Impairment. 2018;19(1):4-17. doi:10.1017/BrImp.2017.16 A. Affirmation of the consequent is demonstrated in the second A phase B. Experimental control is demonstrated in the second A phase and strengthened in the second B phase C. This graph is an example of a Reversal design D. Verification and replication are both demonstrated in this graph Points: 1/1 20. A behavior analyst reviews the following goal written for a client named Maya: "Maya will try to improve her social skills during group activities over the next month." Which of the following revisions BEST makes the goal observable and measurable? A. Maya will greet one peer during group time with a smile or wave each session for two weeks. B. Maya will be more friendly and outgoing with peers during group activities each day. C. Maya will attempt to engage with classmates in group activities whenever she feels comfortable. D. Maya’s social confidence will increase noticeably during group time over the next month. Points: 0/1 21. A 5th grade teacher wants to implement a group contingency to decrease class disruptions caused by cursing behaviors in a small group of students and the reactions to those cursing behaviors by the rest of the class. After reviewing different types of group contingencies, she decides to implement a dependent group contingency where the class will earn a bonus recess at the end of the day if there have been zero incidents of cursing during the day for three particular students. On the first day the teacher implements the procedure, there are no incidents of cursing and the class earns the bonus recess. However, on the second day, a student cursed during math, and the rest of the class yelled at him. For the rest of the week, the student cursed loudly early in the day, causing the rest of the class to yell at him, increasing animosity amongst the students. What would be the best modification to make to the group contingency system? A. Change to an interdependent group contingency for zero incidents of cursing or vocal acknowledgements to cursing for the whole class B. Change to an independent group contingency for zero cursing for the three specific students and an interdependent group contingency for zero vocal acknowledgements to cursing for the rest of the class C. Change to an independent group contingency for zero cursing and vocal acknowledgements to cursing for each member of the class D. None of the above; the teacher should drop the group contingency since it is not working Points: 1/1 22. A school-based BCBA is working with 9-year-old Troy to decrease property destruction behaviors that have a confirmed escape function. The BCBA taught Troy a functional communication response to ask for a break that he can use either when first presented with a demand or when he is working on a task and wants to stop. The BCBA instructs the teacher to reinforce Troy's requests for a break on a continuous schedule until he is consistently requesting to take a break without prompting and without any instances of property destruction behaviors or their precursors. Shortly after beginning this intervention, the teacher had a family emergency and had to take the day off. When the substitute teacher passed out a worksheet and Troy asked for a break, the sub told him it was time to work, not time for a break, and Troy responded by ripping up the worksheet and throwing the bits of paper on the floor. What term best describes why Troy ripped up the worksheet with the substitute teacher and what steps should the BCBA take to advance with the FCT procedure when his teacher returns? A. Resurgence; the BCBA should use a chained schedule FCT procedure, do discrimination training when for when asking for a break is available, build in delays to reinforcement, and teach additional alternative behaviors such as asking for help B. Spontaneous recovery; the BCBA should use a chained schedule FCT procedure, do discrimination training when for when asking for a break is available, build in delays to reinforcement, and teach additional alternative behaviors such as asking for help C. Resurgence; the BCBA should use a multiple schedule FCT procedure, do discrimination training when for when asking for a break is available, build in delays to reinforcement, and teach additional alternative behaviors such as asking for help D. Spontaneous recovery; the BCBA should use a multiple schedule FCT procedure, do discrimination training when for when asking for a break is available, build in delays to reinforcement, and teach additional alternative behaviors such as asking for help Points: 1/1 23. Which of the following statements about shaping is not true? A. Shaping can be used to establish new behaviors or change some dimension of an existing behavior through a process that includes differential reinforcement of successive approximations B. Shaping relies on response differentiation produced by differential reinforcement, where reinforced members of a response class occur more often and unreinforced members occur less often C. Each stage in the shaping process increases the number of response approximations that are available for reinforcement D. Shaping always involves starting with an initial behavior that is already in the learner's repertoire that approximates the terminal behavior Points: 1/1 24. Which of the following statements best demonstrates the collection of procedural integrity data? A. Two observers take data during a teaching program, then the data is compared to determine the degree to which the observers agreed on the occurrences of the behavior during the procedure B. A BCBA observes one of the RBTs she supervises for 10 minutes and marks on a checklist whether or not each step of an intervention is completed accurately and in the correct order C. A BCBA observes one of the RBTs she supervises for 10 minutes and tracks whether or not the RBT is collecting data on the client's target behaviors accurately D. An RBT uses a fidelity checklist to score whether or not a client performs each step in a behavior chain broken down into a task analysis Points: 1/1 25. You are supervising a new RBT whose family is from Japan, where the needs and goals of the group are prioritized over the needs and goals of the individual. After noting that the new RBT performs better in small-group rehearsal, but struggles with solo role-playing, what is your best course of action when creating supervision goals for this RBT? A. Set goals requiring solo role-plays to promote independence B. Write goals for continued improvement in group formats since this is already a strength C. Set goals incorporating both group and individual practice formats D. Establish supervision goals that require the RBT to complete a variety of independent activities Points: 0/1 26. Which of these statements about the relationship between a supervisor and trainee is true? A. The supervision contract must be developed and signed by both parties before the end of the first month of accruing fieldwork hours B. A supervisor may not take as a trainee any person with whom they have every had a romantic or sexual relationship with C. The supervisor should establish expectations related to giving and accepting feedback early in the supervising relationship D. In order to supervise a trainee, a person must have been certified as a BCBA for at least one year Points: 0/1 27. Robby's mother is teaching him to help with household chores. Last week, she taught him how to pair up his clean socks by matching the color of the stripe on each sock with its match. Today, when she brought out a laundry basket full of his sister's clean clothes, he began pairing her clean socks on his own by matching them according to their designs and patterns. What was Robby demonstrating when he was able to pair his sister's socks without being taught? A. Reflexivity B. Symmetry C. Transitivity D. Mutual entailment Points: 1/1 28. Miguel loved playing first-person shooter games on his game system, teaming up and fighting against players from all over the world. One day, his team lost a big battle because he accidentally selected the wrong weapon and failed to destroy their opponent's tank. Enraged by his own mistake, he threw his game controller at his television and broke it. Miguel used all of his savings to buy a new television. From that day forward, any time he got angry while playing a game, he would walk away from the game and take a break, no longer throwing his controller at the TV. What contingency best describes what occurred to throwing his controller at the TV? A. Negative reinforcement B. Recovery from punishment C. Negative punishment D. Positive punishment Points: 0/1 29. Which of the following strategies alone is the least effective way to integrate cultural variables into the assessment process? A. Interview family members to understand cultural beliefs and expectations regarding behavior and intervention B. Use assessment tools that are norm-referenced and validated for individuals from the same cultural background C. Seek input from interpreters or cultural liaisons when language or cultural barriers exist D. Use standardized assessments to tailor programming goals to the specific child's current functional skills and abilities Points: 1/1 30. Will is in the early stages of his training and is learning to take data. First, his supervisor shows him an operational definition of aggression for preschooler Tony, and they role-play the examples and nonexamples listed until Will can consistently identify instances of the target behavior. Next, the supervisor has Will watch a 10-minute segment of a session, make a tally mark each time he sees Tony exhibit the target behavior, and summarizes the data after the video ends by determining the rate of the behavior. What type of measurement system was Will practicing? A. Repeatability B. Temporal locus C. Discontinuous D. Continuous Points: 1/1 31. While driving through an area that had recently been experienced significant amounts of heavy rain, you come across a temporary street sign that says "Road closed" next to a sign on a post that says "Impassible during high water," so you turn your car around and search for another route. Turning your car around after seeing these signs can be best described as: A. Contingency-shaped behavior B. Self-management C. Rule-governed behavior D. Reflexive behavior Points: 0/1 32. A BCBA is developing goals for her new BCBA student, Kathy. Kathy worked as an RBT for several months prior to becoming a student accruing fieldwork hours, so she feels fairly comfortable with most aspects of program delivery. However, Kathy still feels unsure of how to assess, program, and respond to problem behaviors independently. Which of the following would be the most appropriate skill that the supervising BCBA should choose to teach Kathy first? A. Implementing reinforcement procedures B. Choosing and implementing an antecedent intervention C. Conducting an FBA D. How to write a behavior intervention plan Points: 0/1 33. Tatiana is working one-on-one with a student who is provided a five-minute break to play games on his tablet after 10 minutes of participation in an adult-led academic learning activity. When the five minute timer goes off, she walks over to him and lets him know that it is time for him to come back to the table. At first, he would put down the tablet within a few seconds of her instruction and come to the work table quickly. Over time, Tatiana noticed that he was taking longer to respond, and found herself reminding him more frequently that his tablet time was up and it was work time. Before implementing a contingency to reinforce him for following her instruction to put down the tablet and come back to the table quickly, Tatiana took baseline data over 5 school days and determined that the student took an average of 47 seconds to put down his tablet and stand up after her instruction. What temporal dimension was Tatiana measuring? A. Interresponse time B. Latency C. Duration-per-occurrence D. Rate of responding Points: 1/1 34. BCBA Parker is beginning services with a family whose cultural background differs from his own. To engage in cultural humility during service delivery, which of the following should Parker avoid? A. Engaging in ongoing self-reflection to recognize his own personal biases and their potential impact on service delivery B. Asking the family about their values, traditions, and expectations regarding the child's behavior and his use of interventions C. Assuming that his own cultural norms and practices will apply to this client since the science of behavior is applicable to all clients D. Adjusting intervention strategies to align with the family's cultural values while making sure his practices continue to be evidence-based Points: 0/1 35. For most people, social praise and attention function as what type of stimulus? A. Unconditioned reinforcer B. Conditioned reinforcer C. Generalized conditioned reinforcer D. Generalized unconditioned reinforcer Points: 1/1 36. A BCBA implements extinction to decrease escape-maintained screaming behavior for a kindergarten student. During the first week of implementation, screaming intensifies and the learner begins to hit others. The teachers complain to the BCBA that the treatment is not working, and has in fact made things worse. What steps should the BCBA have taken prior to implementation? A. The BCBA should have planned for an extinction burst and prepared the stakeholders to anticipate them and strategies to manage them B. The BCBA should have implemented NCR attention prior to implementing extinction to decrease the likelihood of unwanted side effects C. The BCBA should have considered the possibility of resurgence of the screaming and planned for the potential increase of the behavior and how to manage it D. The BCBA should have instructed the teachers to carry out the intervention no matter what effects were seen Points: 0/1 37. An employee frequently makes sarcastic comments during meetings. The supervisor leading the meetings usually asks the employee to keep his comments to himself or that this isn't an appropriate time for that type of comment. Then, the supervisor stops responding to the sarcastic comments, and over time, the sarcastic comments stop. What contingency changed the rate of the employee making sarcastic comments? A. Positive punishment B. Negative punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Extinction Points: 1/1 38. Keith, a supervisee accruing fieldwork hours, comes to his BCBA supervisor with a concern about in-home services he is providing for a client. Keith tells them that on each of his three visits to this client's home he has seen evidence of bed bugs, including bites on the client's legs, spots on the client's sheets when practicing making the bed, and that he even found a bed bug in the cuff of his pants after leaving the home yesterday. His supervisor reaches out to the client's parents with these concerns and they say they will take care of the problem right away. Across the next several weeks, the supervisor conducts several observations of Keith in the client's home and notices continued evidence of bed bugs. After several assurances that they are working on taking care of the problem, the client's parents admit that they are unable to get rid of the bugs. How should you respond when Keith asks if this situation would allow you to ethically terminate services for this client? A. No; the best practice in this case would be to switch the client from in-home to in-clinic services so the potentially harmful conditions can be avoided B. Yes; the ethics code allows for termination of services if the behavior analyst, supervisees, or trainees are being exposed to potentially harmful conditions that cannot be reasonably resolved C. No; the ethics code states that as long as the client is still benefiting from services and the family still wants services, those services should continue D. Yes; you can terminate services for any reason as long as you provide the family with a written discontinuation plan and document the steps taken Points: 1/1 39. Steve is working with a teacher in a specialized classroom for autistic students with severe behavioral needs. He has implemented several behavior analytic interventions that have successfully decreased the majority of the problem behaviors related to completing adult-led learning activities; however, unwanted behaviors stemming from interpersonal relationships between the students have not decreased. Steve is considering implementing a points system with frequent check-ins with each student focusing on individualized behavior goals for each student that will allow them to accumulate points to cash in for in-game currency for the game they play together on their tablets. Before implementing the program, he conducts a cost-benefit analysis. He considers the literal cost of purchasing the game currency, the time it will take for the teacher to implement the system in the classroom, plus the time it will take to complete the transaction when students earn downloads, and the possibility that increased problem behaviors may arise if a student fails to earn a download. Which of the following should Steve also consider in his cost-benefit analysis? A. Decreased problem behaviors may decrease the need for this specialized classroom, the teacher may not want the students to earn reinforcement that relates to their game, and using a punishment procedure may be more efficient in decreasing the problem behaviors. B. Students may begin monitoring and managing their own behaviors in order to ensure earning the points they need to exchange for downloads, and decreasing the problem behaviors relating to their inter-personal relationships with peers would be an unwanted side effect of the program. C. Decreased problem behaviors can help the students build and maintain friendships, reduce tension in the classroom overall, and increase the number of instructional minutes each student receives. The frequent check-ins may help the students more actively monitor and manage their own behaviors. D. All of these should be considered in a thorough cost-benefit analysis. Points: 0/1 40. High school student Pedro is trying to lose weight to get down to the next lower weight class for wrestling. He weighs himself on the scale in the locker room every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and obtains the following weights in pounds over a three-week period: 163.0, 162.4, 162.4, 161.6, 161.2, 159.8, 160.0, 159.8, 159.2. Which of these statements best reflects the validity and reliability of this data? A. Pedro's data are valid but not reliable B. Pedro's data are both valid and reliable C. Pedro's data are not valid, but are reliable D. Pedro's data are neither valid nor reliable Points: 1/1 41. Two months ago, Geena went out to dinner with her boyfriend. While waiting for the server to take their order, he needed to use the restroom, so he told Geena what he wanted, then left to find the men's room. Fifteen minutes later, their food arrived at the table. He looked at his plate and then began yelling at Geena, chastising her for messing up his order. She tried to explain that she had ordered exactly what he told her, it was the kitchen that had made the mistake, but he would not listen. As he yelled at her, her heart rate increased, her breathing quickened, and her palms began to sweat. The next day she broke up with him, but ever since then, any time she has been at a restaurant with anyone and a meal is brought to the table that isn't correct, her heart rate increases, her breathing quickens, and her palms begin to sweat again. What process best describes the reoccurrence of these symptoms each time an incorrect order is delivered to Geena's table? A. Operant conditioning B. Respondent conditioning C. Operant extinction D. Respondent extinction Points: 0/1 42. You are conducting an in-home observation to collect descriptive assessment data for a client's aggressive behavior that occurs far more frequently at home than in other settings. Which of the following represents the most likely potential problem with the data you are collecting? A. Your results may demonstrate a false positive for the escape function because the parents may avoid placing demands in order to limit or prevent aggressive behaviors B. Your results may demonstrate a false positive for the attention function because attention is frequently available at home in both the presence and absence of the aggressive behaviors C. Your results may allow you to calculate the conditional probability of the aggressive behaviors based on the proportion of events followed by a specific antecedent D. Your results may provide valuable information on the environmental variables associated with the aggressive behaviors, allowing you to hypothesize the function of the behaviors Points: 1/1 43. Kenya habitually worries about all the bad things that could happen if she were to show up late to work or social events. She imagines her angry boss yelling at her in front of her coworkers, about what might happen to her if she lost her job, and also worries about her friends getting tired of her being late and cutting her out of their friend group. As a result of her constant worrying, Kenya makes sure to set extra alarms that enable her to get up, get ready for work, and arrive at work 15 minutes early each day. She also sets timers that prompt her to arrive at social gatherings 15 minutes early. According to radical behaviorism, what is the best explanation for Kenya's behavior? A. The mind controls behavior, so Kenya's habitual worrying about being late, causes her to take actions to prevent it B. Kenya's worrying cannot be observed by others; however, her actions can be observed, and the relationship between setting alarms and timers and arriving at work or social events early can be studied C. Although Kenya's thoughts cannot be observed by others, they are still considered behaviors and as such should be taken into account when considering her public behaviors D. The principles of behavior apply to private events as well as publicly observable behaviors, and, therefore, Kenya's worrying behavior continues because it is being reinforced Points: 0/1 44. Carlos was out for dinner with some friends when one of his buddies told a joke that got a big laugh from the rest of the group. The next day at work, Carlos told the same joke to his coworkers and also got a big laugh. This made Carlos feel more confident and well-liked at work, so he continued to repeat his buddy's jokes at work to get his coworkers laughing. During their next night out, his buddy told a misogynistic joke that resulted in some critical comments from his peers. The next day at work, when Carlos was repeating his friend's jokes to his coworkers, he chose not to retell the joke that had received negative feedback in his friend group. Which of the following best explains why Carlos did not retell the misogynistic joke? A. Modeling and imitation B. Positive punishment C. Observational learning D. Contingency-controlled behavior Points: 0/1 45. Rashida and her BCBA supervisor are working together on assessing preferences of their client. She sent questionnaires to the client's parents and teacher and carefully watched the client himself during free play time, then compiled a list of stimuli to use in her assessment. Across three trials, she presented each item to him in random order, then recorded whether or not he approached, made contact, or engaged with the item, and recorded the duration of the engagement. Afterwards, Rashida created a ranked list of stimuli based on the engagement data. What type of stimulus preference assessment did Rashida conduct? A. Forced-choice B. Free-operant C. Multiple D. Single-stimulus Points: 1/1 46. When evaluating staff attendance, you find that a certain RBT is frequently absent on Mondays. You speak with the RBT about their pattern of absences and they state that they struggle to obtain transportation to and from work, which is why they are frequently very early for their shifts on other days of the week, but often miss Mondays. Which action is most consistent with using a function- based approach to address performance issues? A. Show the RBT how to use a ride-share app and inform them that future absences on Mondays will result in write-ups B. Collaborate with the RBT to identify solutions, such as adjusting shift days/times or discretely seeing if other staff are available for carpooling C. Implement a procedure across all staff to reinforce perfect attendance during each pay period D. Since the environmental variables leading to the absentee behavior is occurring outside of the work environment, there are no appropriate actions for you to take Points: 0/1 47. Brandon is enjoying a rare day of having the house to himself so he makes himself a huge, cartoon-worthy sandwich with extra layers of cheese and lunchmeat. He grabs a bag of chips, heads back to his sofa, starts his favorite superhero movie, and begins chowing down on his food. Two bites in, he hears a high pitched "beep, beep, beep" coming from the kitchen signaling that the refrigerator is left open. He thinks to himself "that thing is never going to stop beeping and ruining the movie unless I close it," so he pauses the movie, goes out to the kitchen, and closes the refrigerator door. Which of the following terms best describes the beeping from the refrigerator? A. SD for closing the refrigerator B. S-Delta for closing the refrigerator C. Establishing operation for removal of the beeps D. Abolishing operation for the beeps Points: 1/1 48. While playing with his toddler at home, James began stacking an assortment of colorful blocks, one on top of the other. When the stack reached a couple feet tall, James knocked it over and feigned horror at its destruction, much to the delight of his son, Jeremiah. When the boy said, "again Daddy, again," James started rebuilding the tower and began asking Jeremiah to hand him blocks. "Give me the green one," James said, followed by "yes, this is green; now give me the yellow one," as Jeremiah handed him the correct colored block. They continued playing in this manner all afternoon, with James asking Jeremiah for specific colored blocks, building taller and taller towers, and then crashing them (while continuing to pretend to be horrified, of course), until Jeremiah tired himself out laughing. Which of the following best describes Jeremiah's selection of the correct colored blocks for building the towers? A. Generalization training B. Discrimination training C. Stimulus generalization D. Stimulus discrimination Points: 0/1 49. Which of the following rules is least likely to be effective? A. If I have too many drinks tonight, I'm going to feel like garbage while hanging out with my best friend tomorrow B. If I walk 10,000 steps today, I'll be a little bit healthier C. If I leave my cake in the oven for too long, it will surely be ruined D. If I miss my sister's baby shower, she will never forgive me Points: 0/1 50. Diana has been a BCBA for 8 years and has worked with many supervisees accruing fieldwork hours. During her first supervision meeting with each new supervisee, Diana talks with them about the use of behavior-analytic supervision. First, they talk about how the impact of quality supervision reaches far beyond their own supervisor-supervisee relationship and how ineffective supervision would similarly have far-reaching effects. They discuss the types of procedures and techniques that will be used, along with the benefits of using behavior-analytic supervision and the potential risks of ineffective supervision. After discussing the topic, Diana asks each supervisee to write a paragraph explaining why they want her to use behavior-analytic supervision with them. Which of the following options would be least likely for a supervisee to include in their paragraph? A. "I want Diana to use behavior-analytic supervision with me so that I can learn all I need to know to be a good BCBA, including how to follow the Ethics code. Then, when I have my own clients and my own supervisees, I can provide quality services to them, as well." B. "When Diana uses behavior-analytic supervision practices with me, I will also be learning how to use behavior-analytic supervision practices with others. Not only will I be a better practitioner, my future supervisees will also be better practitioners resulting in better client outcomes all around." C. "Behavior-analytic supervision is evidence-based, and I would like the same consideration used for choosing practices and procedures that will help me in my supervision that I will someday use with my own clients and supervisees. This will ensure that Diana's effective supervision practices carry over into the future." D. "Diana should use behavior-analytic supervision practices with me so that I can ensure that my ethical violations don't escalate and that my own supervisees' ethical violations also do not escalate to any serious consequences. This will allow me and my supervisees to provide continued care for our clients." Points: 1/1 51. Julia has a history of throwing her toys around the room when told it is time to clean up. Previously, her dad would wait until Julia stopped throwing toys, return the toys to the area where she was playing, and provide physical prompting until Julia cleaned up the toys. The first time this occurred when her mother was home, she collected the thrown toys, which included several of Julia's favorites, and told her that those toys would not be available the rest of the day. The next day Julia threw her toys again, and her mother collected them and said they were not available for the rest of the day. After that, whenever Julia was told it was time to clean up her toys, she would put them away in her room without throwing them. What contingency occurred for toy-throwing behavior? A. Extinction B. Positive punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Negative punishment Points: 1/1 52. Meesha loves playing the card game Euchre and has fond memories of playing in Euchre tournaments at band camp, family reunions, and at informal parties with her friends, but no one else in her current friend group know how to play or has any interest in learning. Over the years, Meesha has tried to introduce the game to several of her friends, but after some teasing about liking a "grandma's game," she gave up. When she received a packet in the mail about her 10-year class reunion, she decided to look at the information, even though she did not plan to attend. Reading over the schedule of activities for the weekend, she was thrilled to see a game night planned for the Friday night before the main events on Saturday that was set to include a Euchre tournament. That night Meesha made a reservation to attend, and two months later made the three-hour drive to her parents' house to stay with them a few nights while she attended, and greatly enjoyed, the class reunion. Seeing the Euchre tournament listed in the class reunion schedule likely created what effects? A. An establishing effect on the reinforcing value of the class reunion and an evocative effect on attending the reunion B. An establishing effect on the reinforcing value of Euchre and an evocative effect on attending the reunion C. An abolishing effect on the punishing value of missing the reunion and an abative effect on skipping the reunion D. An evocative effect on the reinforcing value of class reunions and an establishing effect on playing Euchre tournaments Points: 1/1 53. A behavior analyst is developing a self-management program for a teenage client, Hector, who frequently forgets to complete homework. Together they write the following rule: "If I complete my homework before dinner, I can watch one hour of TV after dinner time." After a week of low adherence, the analyst decides to evaluate and revise the rule. Given that each of the following pieces of information are true, which would be the least important to inform an edit for the program? A. Hector's favorite show is on right after school and not later in the evening B. Hector's friends usually log on to play video games after dinner, which is more highly preferred C. Hector often refuses what is being served for dinner which is concerning for parents D. Hector often does not remember what homework assignments he needs to do for the day Points: 0/1 54. After following the necessary processes, a BCBA writes a treatment plan for Neville that includes a contingent time-out procedure for aggression as well as teaching a functional replacement behavior to play. Within a few days, the RBTs that work with him begin reporting to the BCBA that Neville is demonstrating avoidance behaviors from them. Which of these strategies would be best to mitigate this unwanted effect and further strengthen the plan's ability to decrease aggression? A. Provide play after each time-out implementation to pair the RBTs with reinforcement B. Provide time-out for the avoidance behaviors as well C. Offer play at the start of the session and on a DRO schedule to pair the RBTs with reinforcement D. Offer play at the start of the session and noncontingently to pair the RBTs with reinforcement Points: 0/1 55. You are working with Mrs. Garcia, a high school math teacher, to support a student who has asked for help to monitor and increase their own on-task behavior during their daily math class. Working with the student and the teacher, you wrote an operational definition for "on-task behavior" and created a contingency contract that the student will manage. As part of their self-monitoring, the student will be taking their own data on the amount of class time they remain on-task. In addition, you plan to meet as a team each Friday afternoon and review the data for the week. If the student's data is within a pre-determined range of Mrs. Garcia's data, the student will earn extra reinforcers in addition to what is provided for in the contingency contract. Which measurement procedure would be the best choice for Mrs. Garcia and her student to collect data on class-time engagement. A. Total duration B. Whole interval recording C. Momentary time sampling D. Mean duration-per-occurrence Points: 0/1 56. Siobhan is an elementary school student being served by a multi-disciplinary team. While meeting to discuss her needs, the fourth grade teacher, Mrs. Greene, brings up Siobhan's difficulty with sustained focus, saying "she just can't stay focused on what she's doing because she doesn't have self-control." When the special education teacher asked Mrs. Greene why she said Siobhan didn't have self-control, she replied, "well, like I said, she just can't stay focused for very long." Regarding Mrs. Greene's statements, which of these terms best describes self-control? A. Hypothetical construct B. Circular reasoning C. Explanatory fiction D. Both A and B Points: 0/1 57. You're listening to a presentation at a local ABA conference about a study that could provide information that would be useful with one of your clients. The participant was an adolescent girl who had a history of making sexually suggestive comments to adult men in her environment which a functional analysis determined were attention-maintained with a possible secondary function of escape from demands. After a baseline phase, the researcher implemented a DRA procedure where the girl was taught to ask for a break when presented with a demand. After five sessions, the researcher switched to an NCR phase where the girl was provided with attention on a dense time-based schedule. The researcher conducted two more alternating phases of 3-5 data points each in the DRA condition and the NCR condition with an additional baseline phase following the second DRA phase. Which single-case experimental design did the researcher conduct? A. Changing criterion design B. Alternating treatments design C. Multiple baseline across interventions design D. Reversal design Points: 1/1 58. BCBA Rhonda is currently supervising four trainees who are accruing fieldwork hours. Rhonda meets with each trainee individually on a weekly basis, and also meets with all four supervisees for group supervision meetings twice each month. Rhonda has noticed that one supervisee, the only male in the group, tends to dominate group sessions, and that the other three supervisees seem hesitant to contribute. Rhonda reflects on her supervisory practices and consults with two colleagues who also provide group supervision to trainees. Based on this self-reflection and input from her colleagues, Rhonda restructures her group supervision sessions to promote equal participation among her trainees and takes actions to ensure that all trainees feel safe and supported in sharing their experiences and asking questions. Rhonda's adjustment best relates to which aspect of effective supervision? A. Establishing psychological safety B. Promoting equity in supervision practices C. Shaping participatory behaviors D. Conducting supervision ethically Points: 1/1 59. BCBA Priya implements a variable-time schedule in which a client is given access to an indoor or outdoor swing for 5 minutes about every half hour, regardless of the client's behavior, leading to a decrease in motor stereotypy and other off-task behaviors. What behavioral principal best describes this outcome? A. Access to the swings on a time-based schedule created an evocative effect on the target behaviors B. Swinging on a time-based schedule tired the client out, so they had less energy to engage in off-task behaviors C. Access to the swings reinforced the client's on-task behaviors D. The noncontingent reinforcement decreased the EO maintaining the behavior, reducing its occurrence Points: 1/1 60. Bree, a BCBA at a middle school, is working with Eric, who often completes difficult academic tasks when given verbal encouragement and a token. During one session, after Eric completes his task, Bree provides verbal encouragement, but is distracted by another student and forgets to give Eric the token. In the following session, Eric refuses to complete the task. What is the best explanation for the drop in responding? A. The verbal encouragement is a generalized conditioned reinforcer B. The client is under stimulus control of the token C. The verbal encouragement alone was not sufficient as a reinforcer D. The task lost its novelty and became aversive Points: 1/1 61. BCBA Louise is writing an intervention goal for Gene to increase peer engagement that states: "Gene will develop better social skills with classmates." Which of the following best revises this goal to be observable and measurable? A. Gene will increase his confidence around peers through cooperative play B. Gene will initiate greetings with peers during recess at least once per day C. Gene will improve his social awareness by watching what peers are doing during recess D. Gene will make more friends at school by interacting with peers during recess Points: 1/1 62. A BCBA is providing supervision for an RBT who has worked at the clinic for several years. During an observation, the BCBA notes that the RBT is not consistently providing reinforcement on the correct schedule. The BCBA looks in the RBT's file and notes that they have previously participated in behavior skills training (BST) to work on delivering reinforcement according to the prescribed reinforcement schedule. BST logs indicate that the RBT demonstrated mastery of the skill during training sessions. The file also includes information indicating that observations showed the RBT demonstrating correct reinforcement delivery consistently for several months after participating in BST. Based on this information, what is the best next step for the supervising BCBA to take? A. The BCBA should conduct a BST training session for the RBT to ensure that they still remember how to implement the reinforcement schedule correctly B. The BCBA should hold a staff meeting and retrain providing reinforcement using BST so that all staff will be able to demonstrate the skill correctly and help each other out when mistakes are made C. The RBT should be placed on unpaid leave until they are able to pass a competency check that includes implementing the correct schedule of reinforcement D. The BCBA should provide corrective feedback to the RBT and document it, then ensure ongoing then provide frequent observations and feedback for this skill Points: 1/1 63. You are supporting a fourth grade teacher as a school-based BCBA. After trying multiple strategies using a variety of reinforcement procedures that were not successful, you decide to implement a response cost procedure to decrease a student's disruptive behavior in the classroom. Each time the student disrupts the class with vocal outbursts, they lose one token from their daily token economy. After two weeks, data shows a significant decrease in the rate of disruptive behavior. However, you also notice that the student appears withdrawn and less engaged in class activities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step to take to evaluate the punishment procedure? A. Increase the number of tokens removed for each instance of vocal outbursts B. Discontinue the intervention immediately and switch to another reinforcement-only procedure C. Run a cost-benefit analysis of the procedure to determine if the outcomes are socially valid D. Continue the procedure as planned since the target behavior has greatly decreased Points: 1/1 64. Adeya is a BCBA supporting a teenage client, Christopher, at his school's prom. Christopher's parents were ecstatic that their son was going to have the opportunity to participate in a traditional high school experience and took tons of pictures of him all dressed up, including some pictures posing with Adeya. That night, when she brought Christopher back home, his parents listened happily to Adeya's account of how well Christopher had done, how he had asked several people to dance just as they had practiced, and how happy he had been when they agreed to dance with him. They also looked excitedly at the pictures Adeya had helped Christopher take on his phone, and declared the night a complete success. The next day, Christopher's parents texted several pictures to Adeya, including some he had taken at prom and one of them posing together at their house before prom, and told her that she could post them on her Instagram to show some of the amazing work she'd been doing. Is it okay for Adeya to post the pictures on her social media? A. No; the Ethics code only allows behavior analysts to post digital content of clients on personal social media accounts if the client is of legal age B. No; the Ethics code states that behavior analysts cannot post digital content of clients on personal social media accounts C. Yes; since the parents gave informed consent, Adeya can post the pictures on her personal social media accounts as long as she blurs out Christopher's face and does not include his name or the name of the school D. Yes; since the parents gave informed consent, Adeya can post the pictures on her personal social media account as long as she includes a disclaimer stating that informed consent was obtained Points: 0/1 65. Patty and her supervisor are discussing a study published in the most recent edition of a peer-reviewed journal and Patty is wondering if she would be able to replicate the results in her setting. Patty discusses how similar one of her clients is to the participant in the published study, and how similar the target behavior is as well. Her supervisor points out how the research controlled for extraneous variables, and how she could control for those variables in her clinic. She related that to the strong degree of experimental control that was shown and wondered if Patty would be able to maintain such high internal validity if she attempted the experiment with her own client. If Patty wanted to add to the conversation by pointing out the study's degree of external validity, which of the following statements should she make? A. The study's method of randomized data collection combined with increased collection of interobserver agreement data helped to minimize or prevent observer drift. B. The article stated that their intervention procedure had already been replicated with another subject with a similar target behavior, and hypothesized that further replications with similar subjects were likely to be successful. C. The study managed possible practice effects by keeping the baseline phase short. D. The intervention used in the study was deemed highly acceptable by the family of the subject and the results were labeled as highly effective in a post-study survey. Points: 0/1 66. Sarah has been working with her BCBA supervisor Kyle for the past two years as she accrued her BCBA hours, and was always impressed by Kyle's passion for the science of behavior and his dedication to always benefit his clients. Thanks in large part to Kyle's training, Sarah passed her BCBA exam a month after finishing accruing her supervision hours and was immediately hired by a clinic in the next town over. While out with friends that Friday night to celebrate passing her exam and getting her first BCBA job, Sarah ran into Kyle at the restaurant. They chatted for a while, and when Sarah said she needed to return to her friends, she smiled and said yes when Kyle asked if he could text her the next day. They texted back and forth frequently throughout the weekend, and on Sunday night, Kyle texted asking Sarah if she would go on a date with him, and she happily agreed. Which statement below most accurately reflects the ethical concerns with Kyle and Sarah dating? A. To avoid potential conflicts of interest, Kyle and Sarah must wait at least 6 months after their professional relationship ended before entering into a romantic relationship B. Due to the risk of impaired judgement, Kyle and Sarah must wait at least 2 years after their professional relationship ended before entering into a romantic relationship C. Since they can document that their professional relationship as supervisor and supervisee has ended, there are no ethical concerns with them dating D. The ethics code does not pertain to romantic relationships, so Kyle and Sarah dating does not pose an ethical concern Points: 1/1 67. You are working with a client that exhibits property destruction behaviors when presented with academic tasks in their classroom and aggression towards others when they do not get their way. You are writing an operational definition of property destruction so the teacher or paraprofessional can take accurate data. The operational definition states: "Property destruction is defined as each instance of damaging or attempting to damage one or more items used in the presentation or completion of academic tasks. Examples include overturning chairs, desks, tables, or other furniture items; breaking pencils; ripping, crumpling, or tearing books or worksheets; swiping items off a surface; or writing curse words on any item." Which of the following would be the best addition to this operational definition? A. "Examples of aggression include hitting, kicking, or scratching another person or throwing an item at another person. Non- examples of aggression include giving a high-five or fist bump, or throwing an item (such as a ball) to another person who is prepared to receive the thrown item." B. "Non-examples include breaking pencil lead while writing, knocking over or bumping into furniture items while moving through a space, creating a hole or tear in a piece of paper in the course of erasing a mistake, or knocking an item off a surface followed by immediately picking it up and replacing it." C. "Start the property destruction timer when the student makes contact with one or more items with their hands and initiates any of these actions. The offset of property destruction is when the student is no longer making contact with the item for 3 or more consecutive seconds." D. "Property destruction does not include student attempts of the actions listed that were blocked or prevented by staff." Points: 1/1 68. When a client arrives at the clinic with his mom after his half-day preschool, you notice that she is carrying two coffee drinks from a local coffee shop. She approaches you and hands you one of the drinks, saying she knows that you really enjoy mochas, and that she wanted to express her thanks for all you do as her son's BCBA. She goes on to say that she just started working at the coffee shop part time, and that on Monday's she would be picking her son up from preschool and bringing him for his session right after working, so she'd like to bring you a mocha each Monday. How should you respond to this offer? A. Tell her you cannot accept the mocha or any future drinks because it violates your ethical code. B. Thank her graciously for the drink she already handed you, and ask her what the value of the drink is to make sure you are not violating the $10 limit. C. Thank her graciously for the drink she already handed you, but decline the weekly coffees. Remind her of the "no gifting" policy in the service agreement she signed, and reassure her that the biggest reinforcer for you is her son's progress. D. Since this is your regular coffee order, you know its monetary value is $5.42, so you thank the mom and accept her offer. Points: 1/1 69. You have been a BCBA for a couple of years and have supervised multiple RBTs, and are now working with your first supervisee accruing fieldwork hours. You have a signed supervision contract and you have outlined clear expectations both for Marla as the trainee and for yourself as the supervisor. In order to select supervision goals, you decide to start by asking Marla to complete a self- assessment. You give her a printout of the current Test Content Outline (TCO) and ask her to rank herself by writing a "1" next to TCO items she does not feel competent in, a "2" next to TCO items she feels somewhat competent in, and a "3" next to TCO items she feels very competent in. Which of the following would be the best next step for you to take as Marla's supervisor? A. Conduct an interview with Marla to discuss TCO items that require the ability to define, identify, and distinguish between terms, concepts, or procedures to verify the accuracy of her self-assessment B. Observer Marla perform tasks related to TCO items that require the ability to demonstrate specific skills, either with clients or in role-play scenarios to verify the accuracy of her self-assessment C. Create supervision goals for Marla based on the items she ranked with a "3" first to verify her self-assessed competence with these items; once verified, create goals for items marked "2" and "1" D. Both A & B Points: 1/1 70. BCBA Riley has been approached by the parents of a 15-year old boy seeking behavioral services for their son. They are concerned because he engages in masturbation in his bedroom or the bathroom on a daily basis, and sometimes multiple times a day. Prior to taking the case, Riley talks with his mentor to help determine whether or not there is a need for behavior-analytic services. Which option below would be the best way for Riley's mentor to respond? A. Yes, behavior-analytic services are needed in this case because excessive masturbation can interfere with the son's ability to participate in his school, family, and social life B. Yes, behavior-analytic services are needed in this case because the behavior is distressing to the relevant stakeholders C. No, behavior-analytic services are not needed in this case because medical issues have not yet been ruled out D. No, behavior-analytic services are not needed in this case because the behavior of interest is similar to typically-developing, same-age peers Points: 1/1 71. Annie was reviewing data from several RBTs that work with the same client and discovered that they have been reporting widely varying data on the frequency of the client's elopement behavior. During a group supervision meeting, she talks with them about this client and finds that they have differing ideas about what constitutes elopement. Later, in separate one-on-one meetings, she asks each RBT to describe what happens when the client elopes, then compiles the information obtained. Annie uses this information to write an operational definition of elopement that is specific to this client. The operational definition she wrote included a functional and topographical description of the behavior itself, a list of examples and non-examples, including the antecedent conditions under which the behavior should or should not be counted as elopement, and a description of the onset and offset of the behavior. In order to test the operational definition she wrote, which of the options below would be LEAST appropriate for Annie to consider? A. Based on this operational definition, can the number of instances of this behavior be counted? B. Based on this operational definition, can any defined behaviors be broken down into more observable descriptions? C. Based on this operation definition, would any RBT or BCBA that read it be able to identify occurrences and non- occurrences of the behavior? D. Based on this operational definition, will the number of recorded instances of the behavior increase or decrease? Points: 0/1 72. You learn that a colleague at your clinic is implementing a restrictive intervention without obtaining informed consent from the client's parents. What is the first step you should take in response to this ethical violation? A. Immediately report the colleague to the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) so they can investigate the violation B. Discuss the issue with that colleague's supervisor to take an appropriate action C. Confront the colleague in a public setting to ensure accountability of their actions D. Gather relevant information and attempt to resolve the issue by speaking directly with the colleague Points: 0/1 73. A classroom teacher wants to graph the number of books her students read at home with their parents each week throughout the school year to see if they reach the goal of 1000 books by the end of May. She plans to display the graph at the end-of-school-year party along with letters her students will write thanking their parents for reading with them. What type of graph should the teacher use to capture the relevant information and display it so that it will be easily understood by the parents? A. Cumulative graph B. Bar graph C. Line graph D. Standard celeration chart Points: 1/1 74. A school-based BCBA is working with a student who also receives occupational therapy and speech therapy. During a team meeting, the occupational therapist suggests using a weighted vest to help the student with sensory regulation during OT sessions. The BCBA remembers being told that weighted vests were not appropriate to use in interventions during her coursework, but is not personally familiar with the research on this intervention. What is the most appropriate response for the BCBA to make in this meeting? A. Inform the team that weighted vests are not a behavior analytic intervention and refuse to discuss them further B. Acknowledge the OT's suggestion, review the available research on weighted vests, then discuss how it is working if it is determined to not be harmful C. Dismiss the suggestion and propose an alternate intervention that is evidence-based and based on behavior analytic principles D. Allow the OT to implement the intervention without further discussion or research as it is outside of the BCBA's scope of practice and not occurring during ABA sessions Points: 0/1 75. BCBA Ravi wants to evaluate the effectiveness of three different interventions on the frequency of his client's attention- maintained hitting behavior. After a 5-session baseline phase, he begins implementing either a VI-DRO procedure, an NCR procedure, or a DRA procedure each session in a randomized order. What type of experimental design is Ravi using? A. Multielement design B. Changing criterion design C. Multiple treatment design D. Comparative analysis Points: 1/1 76. You are conducting an experiment to see which intervention will be most effective for a client with severe self-injurious behaviors. Two RBTs are alternating sessions implementing the interventions, and two supervisees accruing fieldwork hours are assisting with collecting IOA data. After several sessions where IOA data was collected, one of your supervisees, Irina, begins asking questions about the experiment and the intervention, and expresses her hope that the intervention will be successful. By the end of that week, you notice that the IOA for the sessions she observed was less than the IOA for the sessions observed by the other supervisee. When you examine the data collected, you see that Irina is consistently recording fewer instances of SIB than the other supervisee or either of the two RBTs. What threat to internal validity is most likely responsible for this discrepancy? A. Observer drift B. Reactivity C. Maturation effects D. Observer bias Points: 1/1 77. A teacher models the phrase "play with me" for a student who has a history of problem behaviors related to access to preferred peers or items during free play time and has him repeat it. However, ten minutes later, the student snatches a toy truck from a peer instead of saying "play with me." Which of the following is the least correct behavior-analytic explanation for why the student did not say "play with me" in the moment? A. The student never practiced saying "play with me" with reinforcing consequences B. The latency between the model and the appropriate situation for the behavior was too long C. The student snatching the toys has a stronger reinforcement history than saying "play with me" D. The student did not have any motivation to say "play with me" with his peers Points: 1/1 78. Nita has been approached by a family whose child receives all nourishment and medications via a gastrostomy tube (i.e., feeding tube) and does not eat or drink anything by mouth. The family would like Nita to conduct feeding therapy with their child so that he can eat by mouth, stating that this would make their family life easier and help the child fit in with his peers better when starting kindergarten next fall. Nita has some experience with feeding tubes because her nephew is tube-fed, and she has often administered his medication and feedings. What is the best next step for Nita to take in this situation? A. Accept the client. Her experience with her nephew will allow her to get started while she takes some CEUs and training to increase her knowledge and skills in this area. B. Accept the client, then find a mentor with experience in conducting feeding therapy to guide her while she does research to increase her knowledge and skills. C. Tell the parents that this type of treatment is not within her scope of competency and recommend support from a trained OT, SLP, dietician, or pediatrician. D. Tell the parents that she needs to do some research into both feeding tubes and feeding therapy before she can accept him as a client, and that she will contact them after doing some research and participating in several trainings. Points: 0/1 79. According to this graph, during which 2-year time span were the fewest articles about procedural fidelity published? A. 1982-1984 B. 2008-2010 C. 1984-1986 D. 2010-2012 Points: 0/1 80. Which of the following statements best describes the information displayed on this graph? A. From baseline phase to generalization/maintenance phase, the participant's overall accuracy of completed responses decreased. B. During the baseline phase, the participant completed more responses accurately than the total percentage of responses completed. C. Following treatment, data recorded during the generalization/maintenance phase showed an increase in both percentage of responses completed and percentage of responses completed accurately compared to baseline. D. During the treatment phase, the percentage of responses completed as well as the percentage of responses completed accurately increased compared to baseline. Points: 1/1 81. A behavior analyst is preparing to implement a token economy system for a self-contained special education classroom of students with varying needs and skill levels. The system is intended to increase on-task behavior and appropriate peer interactions. Before introducing the tokens, the behavior analyst ensures that target behaviors are operationally defined. She then trains the classroom staff to recognize target behaviors based on those operational definitions. She also instructs the classroom staff on correct delivery of tokens, procedures for exchanging tokens, and how to respond if any student begins hoarding tokens. What would be the best next step in establishing the token economy system? A. The behavior analyst and classroom staff should work together to create a menu of backup reinforcers based on student preferences B. The behavior analyst should instruct the classroom staff to begin delivering tokens for appropriate target behaviors immediately C. The behavior analyst should have the students help design the tokens and token boards to increase buy-in D. The behavior analyst and classroom staff should establish a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule for all behaviors Points: 1/1 82. A BCBA is working with a client who engages in manding only when prompted by staff. The goal is to increase independent manding for preferred items. The BCBA decides to manipulate motivating operations as part of the intervention. Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for incorporating MOs into the behavior change procedure? A. Provide free access to preferred items before sessions to increase the value of those items B. Withhold access to preferred items before sessions to increase the value of manding C. Partially prompt the manding response when the client reaches towards preferred items D. Increase the frequency of prompting to ensure manding opportunities occur often Points: 0/1 83. A BCBA is planning to systematically thin the schedule of reinforcement for a skill her client has mastered until it closely matches the schedule of reinforcement the client will contact in the natural environment. Which of the following would be the most appropriate step to thin the schedule from the current VR 6 schedule? A. VR 9 B. VR 5 C. FR 7 D. VR 12 Points: 1/1 84. The following rates of behavior occurred during a functional analysis: Control condition: 0.0 per minute Escape condition: 0.5 per minute Tangible condition: 3.75 per minute Attention condition: 0.5 per minute What conclusion can be drawn from this data? A. The behavior is sensory-maintained B. The behavior is maintained by escape from demands C. The behavior is maintained by access to tangibles D. The behavior is attention-maintained Points: 1/1 85. Sienna is working with parents who report that their child exhibits loud, vocal outbursts to gain their attention. She also confirmed this attention function via an FBA. Which of the following is the best choice for a socially valid replacement behavior for Sienna to teach the child? A. Sienna should teach the child to raise their hand and wait for attention B. Sienna should teach the child to use an appropriate verbal or nonverbal communication method to request attention C. Sienna should teach the child to grab their iPad and play games or watch a show D. Sienna should teach the child to exchange a picture communication card to obtain attention Points: 1/1 86. Using direct observation ABC data, Jake determines that there is a 0.8 conditional probability that, when instructed to stop doing an activity or playing with a toy, Zeke will exhibit self-injurious behavior. Which of the following should NOT be inferred using this data? A. When Zeke exhibits SIB, he retains access to his toy or activity B. Not all instances of SIB followed an instruction to relinquish an item or activity C. The tangibles condition should be included in an FA to determine the function of the behavior D. Access to tangibles is a potential function of Zeke's SIB Points: 0/1 87. BCBA Cassandra is working with a client who attends the preschool operated by the church her family attends. While at preschool, the client exhibits self-injurious behavior in the form of hitting her head with her fist. The staff at her preschool are worried that the client will end up hurting herself, so when the SIB begins, they do anything they can think of to get her to stop. Cassandra completed an FBA that confirmed the SIB was access-maintained; specifically, that the behavior was maintained by obtaining or keeping access to preferred toys in the preschool setting. Which of the following would be the best way to intervene? A. Cassandra should teach the preschool staff to redirect the client without giving her access to her preferred toys B. Cassandra should plan to teach an incompatible behavior to the SIB, such as putting her hands in her pocket, and reinforce it with access to her preferred toys C. Cassandra should teach the preschool staff to keep the client's preferred toys separate from shared toys so that the client can always have access to them D. Cassandra should plan a to teach a requesting for preferred items in an easy way to provide a more socially valid way for the client to access her preferred toys Points: 0/1 88. Chrissy, a new BCBA, is trying to teach her dog to use talking buttons to ask to go outside, to play fetch, and for treats. When Chrissy hears the "outside" button, she will respond no matter where she is in the house at the time by going to the back door to let the dog out to potty. However, Chrissy will only respond to the "fetch" or "treat" buttons if she is in the living room when her dog presses the button, and before long her dog only presses the "fetch" or "treat" buttons when Chrissy is in the living room. Which term best describes the dog pressing the treat and fetch buttons only when Chrissy is in the living room? A. Discriminative stimulus B. Stimulus control C. S-Delta D. Stimulus salience Points: 0/1 89. Shanette is a BCBA working with her new client, Damon, whose parents expressed their concern about aggressive behaviors that tended to occur when they couldn't figure out what he wanted quickly enough. Shanette agreed with Damon's parents that this behavior was important to target. She decided that a mand training program would help improve his quality of life, his relationship with his parents, and have a decreasing effect on his aggression. Shanette observed Damon across several sessions and took ABC data focusing on requests made vocally and requests that his parents could not understand and have the parents provide their typical consequences for these behaviors. Based on these data, she determined that a correlation existed between requests his parents could not understand and the occurrence of aggression. Next, Shanette wrote the mand training program, explicitly laying out the procedures to be used, and each RBT that worked with Damon was trained to carry out the procedures as written with success. Which of the following dimensions of applied behavior analysis was NOT represented in Shanette's work with Damon? A. Applied B. Analytic C. Behavioral D. Technological Points: 0/1 90. One particularly cold winter, Gretta taught herself to crochet by watching instructional videos online and made a variety of hats and scarves that she gave as gifts to friends and neighbors. Which of these options accounts for her ability to crochet more hats and scarves each winter without watching additional videos? A. Response maintenance B. Response generalization C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Points: 1/1 91. New BCBA Micah is working with a family whose cultural background differs from his own. During the assessment process, the parents express their preference for using specific reinforcement strategies that are based on their cultural values. Micah is unfamiliar with the practices the parents want to use and feels like he needs to discuss this situation with his mentor before moving forward. Micah has a meeting with his mentor and explains the situation to her, including the information he has obtained from his assessments, the specific reinforcement strategies the parents requested, and his desire to demonstrate cultural humility while also providing evidence-based behavior-analytic services to the client. What is the best course of action for Micah's mentor to suggest? A. Micah should explore the parents' preferences and seek to understand their cultural perspective, then consider how to integrate their values into an effective, evidence-based intervention B. Micah should explain to the parents that only evidence-based reinforcement strategies should be used, and suggest alternatives that align with behavior-analytic principles C. Micah should tell the family that cultural considerations should not influence behavior-analytic interventions and that he will proceed with using standard reinforcement procedures D. Micah should decline to work with this family since their cultural values differ from his and may conflict with behavior- analytic principles Points: 0/1 92. In which of the following situations can a behavior analyst disclose confidential information about a client without informed consent? A. To protect the client from immediate harm B. When attempting to resolve contractual issues such as payment from funding sources C. When compelled to disclose information due to a court order D. All of the above Points: 0/1 93. Your supervisee, Sonya, is working with a client in a clinic setting. Sonya is utilizing incidental teaching strategies to work on several different skill acquisition goals in naturalistic environments, while also tracking occurrences of screaming. While meeting to discuss the client, Sonya brings up a new teeth-grinding behavior the client is exhibiting that Sonya believes is automatically maintained that lasts for anywhere between a few seconds to a few minutes. Sonya would like to track this new behavior and asks what type of measurement procedure she should use. You turn the question back to her, and ask her to decide what measurement procedure would be best, and why. Which of these would be the best response for Sonya to give? A. Since I can hear the teeth grinding each time it occurs, a continuous measurement system such as rate would be best. This would let us determine how many times the behavior is occurring per session and would not interfere with the other data I am currently tracking. B. A discontinuous measurement system would be best because there are several target behaviors that are occurring frequently. Partial interval or momentary time sampling would work well to give us an estimation of the percentage of time that the behavior is occurring. C. This behavior occurs for different lengths of time each time it occurs, so a continuous measurement like duration would be the best option. This would tell us the total duration-per-session and then we could determine the average duration-per- occurrence. D. A discontinuous measurement system would be best because there are several target behaviors that are occurring frequently. Partial interval would be best. Whole interval and momentary time sampling would not be great options because they would miss too much of the behavior occurring. Points: 1/1 94. Mrs. Schumm is a first grade teacher who noticed an increase in problem behaviors during afternoon class times after her district instructed the schools to decrease their mid-day recesses from 30 to 15 minutes. She decided to ask the school BCBA for help in designing and conducting a study to verify whether or not her observations were accurate. They planned to take data across several weeks by tracking the number of specific problem behaviors displayed by the class during the last hour of the school day while randomly alternating between days where the students were given 1 15-minute recess, 1 30-minute recess, 1 20-minute recess, 1 40-minute recess, 2 15-minute recesses, or 2 20-minute recesses. They then graphed and compared the results, finding that the class exhibited the fewest problem behaviors during the last hour of the school day on days where they had been given 2 15-minute recesses. What type of experimental analysis did Mrs. Schumm and the BCBA conduct? A. Parametric analysis B. Non-parametric analysis C. Comparative analysis D. Multielement design Points: 0/1 95. BCBA Tika is developing a language program to teach a learner relations among three stimulus types: spoken words, printed words, and pictures. In order to capitalize on the learner's love of animals, Tika uses "dog," "cat," and "bird" as the stimulus set for this program. To promote emergent relations and reduce the amount of direct teaching required, Tika uses a match-to-sample procedure to train only two relations for each animal: spoken word to picture, and spoken word to printed word with several picture or word cards out in front of the learner. After this training, the learner is able to match printed words to pictures and pictures to printed words, even though these relations were not directly taught. Which of the following options best describes this instructional approach and its intended outcome? A: Shaping successive approximations to teach each relation across all stimulus types B: Using stimulus equivalence procedures to promote generative responding C: Using pivotal response training to promote generative responding D: Teaching simple discrimination through stimulus equivalence procedures Points: 0/1 96. A BCBA is teaching a young adult with moderate adaptive skills how to wash a load of laundry at a vocational training site. The individual has the physical ability to complete each step and demonstrates interest in learning the task. During baseline, the learner is able to complete various steps with prompts but does not consistently complete them in the correct order. The training site has limited time for instruction, so the goal is to promote independence across the full routine as efficiently as possible. Which chaining method is likely to be most efficient in this context? A. Graduated guidance without chaining B. Forward chaining C. Backward chaining D. Total task chaining Points: 0/1 97. Keenan is a middle-schooler with ASD who receives services from a BCBA to work on activities of daily living to increase his independence. Keenan sometimes exhibits problem behaviors at school based on the items that are, or are not, in his lunch box that day. The family has asked the BCBA to teach Keenan to prepare his lunch independently to address both the problem behaviors and their desire for his increased independence, with a bonus of freeing up time for his parents to provide more assistance to his younger siblings. The BCBA works with Keenan to create a task analysis based on his preferences for an ideal lunch. It contains 25 steps and would take about 30 minutes for Keenan to complete. When meeting to discuss the lunch packing program, the family reports that their mornings are incredibly busy getting all their kids ready for school and preparing for work, leaving them only about 10 minutes before school to assist. Which of the following options would NOT be viable for the BCBA to take? A. Ask the family to adjust their morning schedule to allow time for the intervention to be implemented as is B. Discuss with Keenan a shorter version of making lunch that would fit all of his needs C. Ask his family if they would be able to assist Keenan with making lunch the night before school with the current routine D. Both A & B Points: 1/1 98. Selena, a BCBA at City ABA Clinic, goes out to dinner with some friends one evening right after work. While she and her friends are enjoying their meal and chatting about work, family, and relationships, a young woman from a nearby table approaches Selena, points to the logo on Selena's polo shirt. The young woman says that she works as an RBT at a clinic in the next town and asks Selena what she does at City ABA Clinic. When Selena tells her that she is a new BCBA there, the young woman starts asking her how she likes it there, what the pay is like for RBTs, what their policy is on client cancellations, and so forth. Selena reaches into her bag and pulls out a business card and hands it to the young woman, saying that she would be glad to chat with her via email, but that right now she was enjoying time with her friends. The young woman takes the card and says she will email her the next day and starts to head back to her own table, but then she turns back and says she just wants to know how Luis is doing, because she used to work with him as a client before his family moved him to City ABA Clinic. Which of the following would be the best way for Selena to respond? A. Selena should tell the young woman that she can neither confirm nor deny knowledge of that child due to her ethical obligation to protecting confidential information. B. Selena should tell the young woman that she doesn't work with that child so she doesn't have any information about how he is doing. C. Selena should tell the young woman that she cannot discuss clients in public, point to her business card which is still in the young woman's hand, and tell her she will watch for her email. D. Selena should tell the young woman a vague statement about Luis' progress and tell her she can't say anything further without violating confidentiality. Points: 0/1 99. Torrence is a student in a self-contained special education classroom. Previously, whenever the class needed to line up, Torrence would exhibit aggressive and property destruction behaviors unless he was allowed to be the line leader. With the assistance of the school BCBA's plan, Torrence's teacher was able to successfully decrease this behavior, and soon Torrence was successfully participating in a line-leader rotation with other students. When the teacher missed several weeks of school due to an unforeseen medical emergency, Torrence and his classmates temporarily joined a new classroom. The teacher in the new classroom was unfamiliar with the plan, causing Torrence's aggression and property destruction to re-emerge when it was time to line up. Which of these terms best explains the return of Torrence's aggressive and property destruction behaviors in the new classroom? A. Resurgence B. Behavioral contrast C. Stimulus discrimination D. Recovery from punishment Points: 1/1 100. Marietta enjoys watching videos on the internet of cats doing cute and unusual things and frequently asks her mother to help her search for these videos online whenever she's craving some mindless entertainment. The first day this occurred, she asked her mother to search for funny cat videos twelve different times. In order to increase Marietta's independence, her mother shows her how to find the browser search bar on her tablet and teaches her to type "funny cat videos" and make clicks on some fun videos based on the search results. Which of the following sets of behaviors best indicates that Marietta is exhibiting response generalization? A. On Monday, Marietta typed "funny cat videos" into the search bar while in the car. Tuesday she typed "funny cat videos" into the search bar while waiting at the doctor's office B. On Monday, Marietta searched for "funny cat videos" on her tablet when she wanted to share a particularly fun video while hanging with her friend, Veronica C. On Monday, Marietta asked her mother to help her find videos of dolphins swimming and playing in the ocean, and on Tuesday, she watched a movie about dolphins on her television D. On Monday, Marietta typed "silly videos of cats" into the search bar, and on Tuesday, she typed "videos of cats playing" into the search bar Points: 0/1 101. LeRon's parents are implementing a program to reduce overnight bed-wetting and are recording whether or not his pull-up brief is wet or dry each morning. What type of behavior measure does this represent? A. Direct measure B. Indirect measure C. Product measure D. Event recording Points: 1/1 102. When conducting assessments of her new client's strengths and areas of need, BCBA Juanita discovers that the child's grandparents, who live in the home with the family and help provide child care, only speak Spanish. The child's parents are both bilingual and are raising the child to be bilingual as well. Juanita, who grew up speaking Spanish, plans to assign several RBTs who speak both Spanish and English to this case. Which of these options best depicts the application of culturally responsive and inclusive services? A. Including the grandparents in family meetings and trainings and providing a third-party interpreter to ensure neutrality B. After approval by the parents, conduct mand and tact training in both English and Spanish so that all caregivers in the home will be able to reinforce verbal behavior C. Preparing all written documents in both English and Spanish so that all stakeholders can read and understand them D. Teaching verbal behavior related to the home setting in Spanish and teaching academic readiness skills in English since the child will be starting kindergarten in the fall Points: 0/1 103. Which of the following does NOT represent the core ethical principle "treat others with compassion, dignity, and respect?" A. Teaching supervisees and trainees to follow through on all demands delivered to clients using physical prompting if necessary in order to promote compliance with instructions B. Planning a toilet training program in such a way that the client's privacy is as protected as well as possible C. Teaching supervisees and trainees not to discuss a client in the presence of that client or any other clients D. Planning a skill acquisition program that includes learning targets desired by the client or stakeholders, even if those targets do not fit with our professional judgement of appropriate priorities Points: 0/1 104. The office manager in your clinic informs you that many staff are struggling with correctly filing documents using the new electronic filing system even after conducting a brief training on it during the last staff meeting. Which of the following options would be the best performance management procedure to implement first? A. Create a step-by-step job aid for the task, email it to staff, and post it by the scanner B. Send an email out to staff notifying them of a new reinforcement system for consistent, correct filing C. Conduct behavior skills training (BST) sessions for all staff until each can perform the task accurately D. Hold a meeting with all staff to discuss the step by step process for correct filing Points: 0/1 105. One of the possible unwanted effects of using a reinforcement procedure is that unreinforced members of the response class may decrease when a limited number are being more constantly reinforced. Which of the following methods would be best to help mitigate this unwanted effect? A. Slightly thin schedules of reinforcement for common topographies B. Prompt and reinforce other topographies within a response class C. Stop reinforcement for problematic topographies in the response class D. Tell the client about other ways that they can respond Points: 1/1 106. Ira is a new BCBA that has just been hired by a school district and assigned a caseload that includes mostly early-elementary aged students and several middle-school aged students. Ira's experience is mostly in early elementary settings with some minor experience working with middle-schoolers. Which of the following sets of activities would be best for Ira to develop and maintain competence with middle-school aged students? A. Tell the school district that, since she has only worked with a few middle-school aged students during her fieldwork, she cannot include them on her caseload until she has had more experience B. Since Ira did have a few middle-school aged clients during her fieldwork, and her fieldwork supervisor said you could reach out to her with questions any time, she does not need to take additional steps; she will already be working within her scope of competency. C. Since Ira has a month before school starts, she can use that time to get a jump on the continuing education requirements she will need for recertification in two years. Take extra CEUs on ethics and cultural competency, and be sure to take a few webinars that focus on the needs of middle-schoolers. D. Prior to the beginning of the school year, Ira should speak with the other district BCBA who works with mostly middle-schoolers and ask if she will act as her mentor during the coming year. Then take advice from her on important literature and strategies to read up on that have been effective with this population. Points: 1/1 107. During circle time, a student calls out without raising their hand, and the teacher responds with a stern look and the reprimand, "that's not what we do in this class." The student continues calling out instead of raising her hand during circle time. Which contingency affected the students calling out? A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive punishment D. Negative punishment Points: 1/1 108. You are reviewing treatment data for one of your clients and notice that the intervention is not producing the behavior change that was expected. To investigate this issue, you observe each of the RBTs that work with this client and use checklists to determine how well the interventions are being implemented as designed. Results show that the procedures for this intervention are not being applied consistently across all staff, even when they know you are observing them. Based on the data you collected, what is your best next course of action? A. Continue with the current intervention and continue to monitor the client's treatment data; some procedures require more time to affect behavior change B. Modify the intervention plan to make it easier for the RBTs to carry out and monitor the client's treatment data to see if the modification leads to a more effective treatment C. Conduct a BST training on the procedures, run treatment integrity checks more frequently, and monitor the client's treatment data to see if improved treatment integrity improves client progress D. Discontinue the intervention that isn't working and write a new intervention plan that works on the target behaviors from a different approach Points: 1/1 109. A new client comes in with her family so they can tour Fatima's clinic and sign consent forms to allow her to conduct a records review. Fatima notices the child engaging in moderate levels of head-hitting that occurred both when she was engaged in an activity of her own choosing and when her parents gave her instructions or asked her questions. With regard to the head-hitting behavior, what type of information should Fatima specifically look for when conducting her records review? A. Records that indicate whether or not the head-hitting behavior has ever been addressed by a medical professional B. Records that indicate whether or not behavior-change procedures have been previously used for this behavior C. Records that indicate whether or not a functional analysis has been performed for this behavior and its findings D. All of the above Points: 0/1 110. You are preparing to conduct initial assessments for your new client, Malakai, a 5-year-old autistic boy who has developmental delays as well as problem behaviors. You need to identify both Malakai's strengths as well as his specific areas of needs in order to plan effective treatment. Which of the following options reflects the best approach to designing and evaluating assessments for your client? A. Conduct a variety of skill assessments including the VB-MAPP and ABLLS-R to determine skills and deficits from a variety of criterion-referenced assessment sources B. Use indirect and direct FBAs along with skill-based assessments such as the AFLS and ABLLS-R to identify strengths, needs, and behaviors to target C. Focus on using norm-reference assessments such as the Vineland, ADOS, or CARS screening tools to compare Malakai's abilities to same-age peers D. Complete a FBA to identify target behaviors and determine their functions Points: 1/1 111. Yvette is using total-task chaining to teach Martin to wash his hands. After completing a task analysis, Yvette created a picture- based visual schedule and posted it on the wall by the sink. Mastery criteria for the task is set at 100% independent completion of the visual schedule for 3 consecutive trials. Determine the trials-to-criterion for the following data set: trial 1: 40%, trial 2: 60%, trial 3: 60%, trial 4: 60%, trial 5: 70%, trial 6: 80%, trial 7: 90%, trial 8: 100%, trial 9: 90%, trial 10: 100%, trial 11: 100%, trial 12: 100%, trial 13: 90%, trial 14: 100%, trial 15: 100% A. 12 B. 8 C. 10 D. 15 Points: 0/1 112. Which of the following examples in isolation does NOT demonstrate a multiply controlled verbal behavior? A. I ask my partner what they want for dinner and they might say "tacos," "pizza," or "burgers" B. The teacher points to a picture of a tree and asks, "What class is this in?" and the student replies, "plants" C. Your learner sees a child crying as you walk down the hall and says, "that boy is sad" D. You pull an envelope out of your bag and your learner says "mailbox" Points: 1/1 113. To achieve 100% completion and get the platinum cup in Island Adventure Land, one must complete all 456 objectives in the video game. Some of the objectives only take a few minutes, but some are more complex, requiring up to an hour to achieve even if done quickly. Speed runners of the game have created a category to see who can get the platinum cup the fastest. What would be the most valid measurement for the speed runners to compare? A. Frequency of objectives completed B. Objectives completed per hour C. Duration of total playtime D. Average duration per objective Points: 0/1 114. Bill's training program for supervisees includes the use of behavior skills training (BST) and post-training fidelity checks that decrease in frequency from weekly, to bi-weekly, to monthly based on performance scores. Immediately after training, most supervisees score above 90% on fidelity checks. However, Bill noticed that after decreasing fidelity checks to monthly, supervisee scores decrease to around 60%. Based on this information, he decides to include BST refresher sessions in his supervisory meetings every three months. After introducing the refresher sessions, supervisee fidelity scores return to 90% or above. What aspect of effective personnel supervision and management does this best reflect? A. Establishing clear expectations for supervisee performance B. Making data-based decisions about the efficacy of supervisory practices C. Engaging in continual monitoring and evaluation of one's own supervision practices D. Applying empirically validated performance management procedures Points: 1/1 115. Mr. Smith is a school-based BCBA working with a student who also receives services from a speech language pathologist (SLP) and an occupational therapist (OT). While meeting with the student's team, the SLP mentions that the student is becoming increasingly frustrated during communication tasks and displaying self-injurious behaviors when they make mistakes. What is the best approach for the BCBA to take to support the student? A. Collaborate with the SLP and OT to modify the intervention plan in a way that supports the student's communication needs while maintaining behavioral goals B. Recommend discontinuing the communication tasks since they are triggering self-injurious behaviors C. Collaborate with the SLP and OT by suggesting that they need to put the behavior on extinction and work through these tasks when this behavior occurs D. Suggest that the SLP and OT adjust their treatment approaches to align with the behavior plan since the current plan is working in the student's other settings Points: 1/1 116. Shania has already spent her allowance for the week, so she asks her mom if there are any jobs she can do around the house to earn some extra money so she can go to the movies with her friends that evening. Mom gave Shania three options: she could wash windows for $20, weed the landscaping for $30, or complete two loads of laundry for $25. Shania figures that the laundry task would take far too long, but that washing the windows and weeding the landscaping would take about equal amounts of time, so she chooses to weed the landscaping. Which of these terms most accurately explains her choice in chore to complete? A. Behavioral contrast B. Concurrent schedule C. Multiple schedule D. Matching law Points: 1/1 117. A BCBA uses identical training procedures for two supervisees, despite significant differences in background and language proficiency. When one supervisee falls behind, the BCBA reduces supervision opportunities for that supervisees. Which of the following is the most appropriate, equity-focused action the BCBA should have taken? A. Apply the same training and standards to both supervisees and accept the natural outcomes B. Require the supervisee who is falling behind to seek outside help to meet requirements C. Transfer the supervisee to another supervisor better matched to their background D. Provide supplemental training, modified materials, and tailored supports to the supervisee falling behind Points: 1/1 118. BCBA Jen has just been assigned a new client, a pre-school age boy named Ibrahim. The intake paperwork states that Ibrahim's family is Muslim, a religion she does not have much familiarity with. Jen wants to make sure she is acting with cultural competency as she prepares to assess Ibrahim's needs and plan treatment for him. Before beginning the assessment phase with Ibrahim, what is the best next step Jen should take? A. Jen should get input from a coworker who is Muslim who will be able to explain the family's needs B. Jen should use her understanding of the family's cultural background to help inform her decisions regarding Ibrahim's assessment and treatment C. Jen should talk to the family and ask how their culture relates to aspects such as communication, social dynamics, daily routines, and expectations D. Jen should proceed with the assessment phase and deal with cultural variables as they surface Points: 0/1 119. When reviewing RBT Tasha's data for a receptive body part identification program targeting 6 different body parts, you note that the client has not been able to progress beyond the immediate gestural prompt level. Her client responds correctly to the gestural prompt, but any time Tasha attempts to move to a 2-second delay gestural prompt, the client starts scrolling through responses by touching multiple body parts in quick succession. Which of the following actions should you take next? A. Instruct Tasha to increase to a more restrictive prompting procedure such as a most-to-least physical prompt B. Instruct Tasha to wait until the learner scrolls to the correct body part, then immediately provide verbal praise C. Instruct Tasha to only run the program using 3 different body parts and use the immediate gestural prompts for more trials before adding the delay D. Instruct Tasha to interrupt and block the scrolling response by grabbing the client's hands then repeating the SD Points: 0/1 120. Patrick, a middle-school student was caught using a permanent marker to write bullying statements on a peer's locker, so the principal made him clean graffiti off of all the lockers in the hallway. He was never seen to do it again until the principal went on maternity leave and a temporary principal took over. Patrick began to write bullying statement's on students' lockers once again and the temporary principal no longer made him scrub graffiti off lockers. Which contingency best explains why Patrick wrote bullying statements on students' lockers with the new principal? A. Positive punishment B. Positive reinforcement C. Recovery from punishment D. Negative reinforcement Points: 0/1 121. Esperanza is a BCBA who is beginning the process of planning an intervention for a client who frequently exhibits tantrum behavior when access to preferred items is denied. What is the first step Esperanza should take before designing the intervention? A. Implement a reinforcement-based procedure targeting an access function to decrease tantrum behavior B. Conduct an FBA to determine the function of the behavior C. Review the relevant research and select the most evidence-based intervention for tantrums with a similar trigger D. Begin functional communication training to teach alternatives to tantrums Points: 1/1 122. Yesenia recently completed assessments and began programming for a new client, 3-year-old Logan, with a focus on basic communication skills and social interaction skills. After today's session, Logan's parents asked if he could also receive treatment for bed wetting. They stated that it was only occurring 1-2 times per week, but that their older daughter had stopped wetting the bed by the time she was 3. Yesenia has never treated bed-wetting before, but has done toilet training with many clients. Should Yesenia initiate behavior-analytic services for Logan's bed-wetting? A. No. Yesenia should refer them to a BCBA with more experience with bed wetting or a pediatrician that is better equipped to deal with this potentially medical issue. B. No. Occasional bed wetting is still common at this stage of development, not warranting an intervention for this behavior, although the behavior should be tracked. C. Yes. Yesenia can conduct an ecological assessment to determine what environmental variables are leading to instances of wetting the bed, then develop a treatment plan to address those variables. D. Yes, but only if an examination by his pediatrician determines that there is no medical cause for the behavior. Points: 1/1 123. BCBA Jermaine developed a program to teach waiting skills for a teenage client, Ramone, who had a history of demonstrating self-injurious or aggressive behavior when he was not able to have immediate access to an item or activity he wanted. First, when Ramone would requested an item or activity, Jermaine or one of the RBTs working with him would instruct Ramone to wait using one of a pre-planned variety of statements, then they would count off 5 seconds on their fingers before reinforcing Ramone's request. Then, Jermaine and the RBTs began including suggestions for alternate activities for Ramone to engage in while waiting, such as "I need you to wait a little bit, so can you watch your tablet while you wait?" while increasing the waiting time. When Ramone demonstrated the ability to wait up to 5 minutes without displaying the target behaviors, Jermaine and the RBTs began taking Ramone into the community to practice waiting while participating in a variety of alternate activities. They practiced this in a variety of real-world situations such as in a fast food drive through, waiting in line at a store, and waiting to be called back at the doctor's office. Which of the dimensions of applied behavior analysis is most evident in this procedure? A. Technological B. Analytic C. Conceptually systematic D. Generality Points: 0/1 124. Karen received her BCBA certification six months ago and has been working as a BCBA in a clinic since that time. During a meeting, Karen's director told her that they were hiring a BCaBA and would need Karen to be her supervisor. According to BACB rules, is Karen able to act as the new BCaBA's supervisor? A. Yes, Karen can act as the new BCaBA's supervisor as long as she has taken the 8-hour supervision training and meets her ongoing requirements for CEUs in supervision B. Yes, Karen can act as the new BCaBA's supervisor as long as she has taken the 8-hour supervision training, meets her ongoing requirements for CEUs in supervision, and has a consulting supervisor until the end of her first year as a BCBA C. No, Karen cannot act as the new BCaBA's supervisor until she has taken the 8-hour supervision training and has been certified for at least one full year, even with supervision D. None of the above are correct Points: 0/1 125. BCBA Darla wrote an intervention goal for her client. The goal states: "When walking farther than an arm's length of a familiar adult, and delivered the vocal cue, "stop," Freddie will respond within 2 seconds of the cue in 90% of opportunities across 3 consecutive school days and 3 consecutive community outings." Which of the following statements best describes a problem with this intervention goal? A. There is no problem with this goal; it is observable and measurable B. The goal does not define who a "familiar adult" is C. The goal does not describe what "responding to stop" involves/looks like D. The measurement of "farther than an arm's length" is too vague Points: 0/1 126. Regina wants to track her daily water intake to increase it to at least 96 ounces per day. She pulls all of her reusable water bottles out of her cupboards and ends up with two 20 ounce bottles, three 24 ounce bottles, and two 32 ounce bottles. Each night she fills all the bottles with ice and water so that they are ready to go the next day, and each day she makes a tally mark on a chart to count how many bottles of water she drank that day. Which of these statements best describes Regina's measurement procedure? A. This measurement procedure is reliable and valid B. This measurement procedure is not valid C. This measurement procedure is valid but not reliable D. Neither the validity nor the reliability can be determined Points: 1/1 127. Kristen is a BCBA who owns and operates her own ABA clinic. Which of the following practices do NOT violate her ethical obligation to behave towards others in an equitable and inclusive manner? A. When positions of authority become available, Kristen promotes from within the clinic based on experience, performance, and merit B. Kristen prefers to hire women as RBTs and BCBAs for her clinic since they are typically better with children than men C. When assigning clients to trainees, Kristen tries to match them by cultural background so the trainee will be better able to understand the unique needs of the client D. When interviewing older applicants, Kristen emphasizes what types of physical activities they may need to participate in more than younger clients Points: 1/1 128. Michaela has just accepted a new client with problem behaviors related to toilet training along with deficits in verbal behavior. The client's records indicate that medical evaluations have been conducted, and that medical causes for the client's incontinence have been ruled out along with hearing loss and any other physiological reasons for delayed verbal language. Michaela reviewed the client's school records, including behavioral information and the results of assessments completed in his preschool and kindergarten classrooms, and information from the BCBA he worked with before his family moved. Along with looking at what skill acquisition programs had been implemented for this client, what should Michaela look for next in her review of his records? A. What interventions have been previously used, whether or not those interventions were successful, and, what factors have were relevant in the success or lack of success with the programs B. Whether the client's funding source would continue to cover his treatment and if there were any adjustments needed in the number of treatment hours recommended C. Were the client's parents cooperative and compliant with parent training, and, if so, did they correctly implement programs that were intended to be parent-run D. What preference assessments have been conducted in the past, and whether or not those stimuli indicated by the preference assessments were available in the current setting Points: 1/1 129. Vanessa has been working with her supervisees on responding to feedback. She gave them questionnaires so they could each let her know how they prefer to receive feedback. She has provided them with notes detailing her responsibilities in providing feedback as well as their responsibilities in accepting feedback and using that feedback to both continue doing well in areas of strength and also to improve areas of weakness. When conducting observations and preparing feedback, Vanessa has used their questionnaires to guide her in the delivery of that feedback. However, when one of her supervisees came to remind her of a meeting where she had planned to teach them how to conduct preference assessments, but had forgotten about and not shown up for, Vanessa became defensive, began making excuses for missing the meeting, and ultimately told them that preference assessments would be covered at the next group supervision meeting. Which of the following would have been the best way for Vanessa to handle this situation? A. She should have told her supervisee that it is not their place to give her feedback as outlined in the responsibilities document. She could remind them that she is human too, and that mistakes happen, so they should be flexible with meeting schedules to account for unforeseen circumstances. B. She should have apologized for missing the meeting but reminded them of all the responsibilities and commitments she has followed through on, such as conducting their observations and signing their monthly forms in a timely manner. C. She should have accepted their feedback and rescheduled the meeting as soon as possible, while telling them they should have messaged her at the time the meeting was supposed to start, since she could have still made the meeting a little late if they had reminded her about it right away. D. She should have immediately taken accountability for missing the scheduled meeting and made a plan to hold the missed meeting as soon as possible. In addition, she should use her supervisee's feedback to evaluate her own supervision practices, including taking action to prevent missing meetings in the future. Points: 0/1 130. Paulette is a BCBA working at a residential facility housing individuals with a variety of medical and developmental needs. When she was asked to assess Donald, a new resident, Paulette spoke with some of his family along with several staff members who had been involved in his intake and daily care during his first week at the facility to get information regarding skill deficits and interfering behaviors. His parents stated that Donald usually preferred to be left alone to watch television, and would refuse to socialize with other members of the family. His brother, who served as his guardian, noted that Donald was lacking job skills, so he suggested teaching Donald tasks that he could complete to participate in one of their sheltered employment opportunities. Facility staff agreed that Donald preferred to watch television by himself in his room over socializing with others and also noted that he needed assistance with aftercare in the bathroom. Based on the information she obtained, which of the following goals should Paulette prioritize for Donald? A. Independently completing aftercare in the bathroom B. Increase social skills to build and maintain friendships C. Learning job skills to complete tasks in the facility's sheltered employment program D. None of the above; none of these are socially significant goals for a resident in a facility Points: 0/1 131. When a family arrives at Nikki's clinic for an intake interview, she realizes the client's mother has been her tax preparation professional for the past several years. Which of the following does NOT represent a reason to switch to a new tax preparer? A. Continuing to use the mother as your tax preparer would constitute a multiple relationship, which the code states behavior analysts must take steps to resolve B. Continuing to use the mother as your tax preparer may put Nikki in a situation that could potentially influence or compromise your professional judgement or activities C. Accepting this client immediately puts Nikki in violation of the ethical code, so she must switch to a new tax preparer right away D. Switching to a new tax preparation professional will quickly resolve the possibility of a multiple relationship and allow Nikki to avoid potential conflicts of interest Points: 0/1 132. A teenager slams their bedroom door every time their parent asks them to clean their room until the parent eventually stops asking, then continues to slam their door whenever any type of demand is placed. What contingency is maintaining the door- slamming behavior? A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive punishment D. Negative punishment Points: 1/1 133. During an in-home session, while working on mand training, Kianna slipped behind the RBT as he looked down to record data and grabbed a handful of the cheese crackers he had been delivering to her one at a time as she requested them. Which term best represents the type of contingency that occurred when Kianna grabbed the handful of crackers? A. Automatically mediated positive reinforcement B. Automatically mediated negative reinforcement C. Socially mediated positive reinforcement D. Socially mediated negative reinforcement Points: 1/1 134. You are working with a learner in a clinic setting, sitting together on the floor, and surrounded by a wide variety of toys. The learner begins playing with a baby doll. She changes its diaper, gives it a bottle, and puts it in a toy crib, covering it with a little blanket. You ask your client to hand you something that helps you take care of a baby, and she hands you the bottle. You ask her for something else that helps you take care of a baby and she hands you a toy bottle of baby powder. You ask her a third time and she hands you the diaper she took off the baby earlier. Of the following terms, which best represents the set of items your learner handed you? A. Formal stimulus class B. Arbitrary stimulus class C. Temporal stimulus class D. Functional stimulus class Points: 1/1 135. Larissa and her friends are walking back to her house after purchasing some snack items from the corner store. As they walk, Larissa rhythmically tosses her bottle of soda in the air, making it spin, then catching it. Suddenly, she misses catching the bottle and it hits the ground, cracks open, and all the soda spills out. From that time on, Larissa always carried bottles of soda carefully as she walked. Which of the following contingencies affected tossing her bottle of soda? A. Extinction B. Negative reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Positive punishment Points: 1/1 136. One of the teachers at a school in the district you serve asks for help with her own classroom management skills. Currently, she is working on increasing her ratio of positive/reinforcing statements over corrective statements. Due to your other obligations, your ability to observe her during instructional time is both limited and highly variable in terms of time of day and length of observations. After several visits over the course of two weeks you have the following data to discuss with her: 1st observation: 15 positive statements and 23 corrective statements; 2nd observation: 31 positive statements and 34 corrective statements; 3rd observation: 22 positive statements and 16 corrective statements; and 4th observation: 36 positive statements and 19 corrective statements. Was this a valid measurement system? A. Yes, frequency is valid because it captures the ratio of positive to corrective statements B. Yes, frequency is valid because the observations were different durations C. No, rate is better because the observations were different durations D. No, rate is better because the observations were all at different times of day Points: 1/1 137. Amanda is a veteran BCBA who operates her own company in her rural community, providing in-home services with her team of RBTs. Amanda is conscientious about ensuring her RBTs get more than their required amount of supervision and that she stays on top of all of her clients' programming. Her company's website emphasizes the in-home services they provide, and Amanda makes sure that everything on the website follows ethical codes for public statements. Recently, the mother of one of her clients posted a testimonial on the website about how amazing Amanda and her team were, how they had helped her son progress from only speaking a few words to "talking up a storm," and imploring other parents who want their nonverbal kids to learn to talk to start working with Amanda right away. What is the most appropriate action for Amanda to take when she sees the testimonial the parent left on her website? A. Amanda should allow the testimonial to remain, but post a disclaimer with it stating that it was unsolicited, and that results for every child will vary B. Amanda does not need to take any action since this was an unsolicited testimonial C. Amanda should ask the mother to post the testimonial as a Google review instead of on her website D. Amanda should take down the testimonial and change the settings on her website so that testimonials cannot be posted without her review Points: 1/1 138. Lita is reviewing the data she collected across multiple observations of a new client, Bradley. She noted that the behavior targeted for decrease, physical aggression, followed denied access to a preferred item or activity in 94% of observed opportunities. What is the highest level of scientific understanding that can be demonstrated with this information? A. Description B. Prediction C. Control D. Functional relation Points: 0/1 139. As a teenager, Arnie noticed that the girls he liked were more receptive to genuine compliments reflecting some aspect of their personality than to general compliments about their appearance. Now Arnie always gives genuine compliments girls' personality traits when flirting with them. Which of the attitudes of science does this demonstrate? A. Selectionism B. Parsimony C. Pragmatism D. Determinism Points: 0/1 140. Lenia is planning to conduct a research study to determine the effectiveness of using video modeling in increasing percentage of steps completed in a novel housekeeping routine for young, autistic adults. Which single-case design would be the best option to use? A. Multiple baseline across participants B. Multiple baseline across behaviors C. Multiple probe across participants D. Multiple probe across behaviors Points: 0/1 141. Each year, Mr. Peterson has to participate in an all-day CPR and first aid training for his job. The first half of the day is filled with tedious book work and boring lectures, with hands-on practice comprising the second half of the day. One year, Mr. Peterson had a doctor's appointment the morning of the CPR and first aid training, so he was allowed to complete that portion of the training online, then participate in the hands-on portion of the training with his colleagues. He found this arrangement much more palatable, and ever since then, he has been sure to plan something important for the morning of the training so he can take that part of the training online before joining his coworkers for the hands-on portion. What contingency is best represented by Mr. Peterson planning other obligations for the morning of the training? A. Negative reinforcement B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment Points: 1/1 142. Which branch of behavior analysis focuses on applied research where the principles of behavior are applied to socially significant behaviors to create the technologies for behavior change? A. Experimental analysis of behavior B. Conceptual analysis of behavior C. Applied behavior analysis D. Professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis Points: 0/1 143. RBT Maria is concerned about Susannah's screaming behavior and tells the BCBA that the increased screaming is causing her to develop headaches by the end of every session. The BCBA implements an intervention to decrease Susannah's screaming behavior without seeing the behavior herself or collecting any data. Which of the philosophical assumptions of science did the BCBA violate? A. Analytic B. Behavioral C. Empiricism D. Pragmatism Points: 0/1 144. Simon wanted to make some extra spending money, so he asked his grandmother if there were any chores he could do for her to earn some cash. She thought for a moment, then told Simon he could pull weeds in her garden for $5 per row, dust her shelves of collectibles for 25 cents per minute, vacuum the carpets for $3 per room, and, as a bonus, if he washed her car she would bake a batch of his favorite cookies. Simon didn't like running the vacuum, and dusting always made him sneeze, so he chose to start with pulling weeds in the garden. After 6 rows of weeding, Simon was hot and sweaty, so he decided to wash his grandmother's car and cool down using the garden hose. At the end of the day, Simon had earned $30 and a batch of snickerdoodles. What type of compound schedule of reinforcement was in effect for Simon? A. Concurrent B. Multiple C. Mixed D. Chained Points: 0/1 145. BCBA Byron implements a social skills training program to teach a client how to request help. Initially the client is taught to say, "Can you help me?" during structured teaching sessions. To promote response generalization, Byron introduces a procedure involving multiple exemplar training, varying the phrasing (e.g. "I need help," "Could you help me, please?") and teaching in different settings. Which method would be most appropriate for evaluating whether the procedure successfully promotes response generalization? A. Measure the frequency of "Can you help me?" responses during structured teaching sessions B. Count the number of different people the client requests help from and the number of settings in which the client requests help C. Record how quickly the client acquires the target phrase "Can you help me?" in the natural environment D. Collect frequency data on the number of untrained help-seeking phrases the client uses Points: 0/1 146. After a functional analysis confirmed that your client's elopement behavior was attention-maintained, you implemented the use of NCR in the form of attention or the use of an interval DRO procedure in alternating sessions, then graphed the results. In this situation, the dependent variable(s) is/were , which was/were represented on the axis of the graph. A. NCR and DRO procedures, Y B. Elopement, X C. Elopement, Y D. NCR and DRO procedures, X Points: 0/1 147. Victoria and her roommates are sitting around the living room, each absorbed in scrolling, texting, or gaming on their phone. Victoria looks around, tosses her phone down in disgust, and says, "guys, why don't we go out and DO something?" Tim doesn't even look up from his phone, he just huffs and says, "nah, I'm too broke to leave the house." Rachel sets her phone down and responds, "well, that movie we have been wanting to see is showing downtown. We could go to the theater." After glancing at Tim, who still hasn't looked up from his phone, Victoria and Rachel go change clothes and take off to go see the movie. Which instance of verbal behavior above is NOT an example of an intraverbal? A. "Guys, why don't we go out and DO something?" B. "Nah, I'm too broke to leave the house." C. "Well, that movie we have been wanting to see is showing downtown. We could go to the theater." D. They are all intraverbals Points: 1/1 148. A BCBA implements an extinction procedure to decrease attention-maintained screaming in a 7-year-old client. In the first few days of implementation, the client begins crying, hitting herself, and attempting to run away. What is the most appropriate next step for the BCBA? A. Continue with the extinction procedure as planned; these behaviors are expected B. Immediately switch to punishment to decrease the new behaviors C. Reintroduce attention briefly, then gradually fade it again to avoid extinction burst D. Evaluate the emotional effects of the procedure and consider modifying the intervention Points: 1/1 149. Which of the following best describes an advantage of group experimental design over single-case experimental design? A. The aggregate data used in between-group designs provides repeated measures without the need for condition changes B. The effects of variability in individual performance is hidden by averaging data in group design C. The larger number of participants in a group design allow the researcher to evaluate the generality of a treatment and improve the external validity D. Each participant's data is graphed separately in group design, so the effect of the intervention on each participant can be demonstrated Points: 1/1 150. Samson has been an RBT in the clinic for about three months and has just been transferred to you for supervision since the BCBA who had been supervising him moved out-of-state. Overall, you find that he is doing very well; he gets along with other staff, his clients enjoy working with him, and he has earned high treatment fidelity scores across multiple observations. However, you note that he frequently skips probe trials during sessions. You complete a performance diagnostic checklist and find that Samson was never taught how to track probe data and does not see its relevance. What is your best next step? A. Deliver a punitive consequence for noncompliance B. Remove probe trials from his clients' programs since they are doing well without them C. Model the skill and link it to outcomes that the RBT values D. Increase the rate of supervision to monitor for errors Points: 1/1 151. BCBA Flora is working with a trainee who demonstrates strong instructional skills but has limited exposure to crisis management. Flora, who is highly competent in implementing high-intensity behavior reduction programs, is working with the trainee to increase their own scope of competence. During a supervision meeting, the trainee tells Flora that she is uncomfortable with aggressive clients and shares a cultural belief that values calm conflict resolution over physical intervention. Flora must choose supervision goals for the trainee that improve client safety and respect the trainee's background and beliefs. Which of the following is the most appropriate supervisory goal-setting approach? A. Assign crisis intervention as a goal immediately in order to address client safety B. Avoid assigning the trainee to aggressive clients to respect their cultural values C. Collaborate to identify goals that address client safety while respecting cultural perspectives D. Delay the trainee's ability to accrue fieldwork hours until they increase their comfort and skill level in working with aggressive clients Points: 0/1 152. When Siri's older brothers are playing video games together in the den and won't let her play, she pesters them by teasing them, calling them names, and poking them while they are concentrating on the game. After a while, her brothers will get tired of her pestering and will yell at her, push her away, or block her from entering the den. When this happens, she tattles to her parents, who chastise the boys for reacting to her and send them off to do chores, leaving her free to play video games by herself. Eventually, the brothers decide to start ignoring her when she is pestering them so that they can keep playing and avoid extra chores. For several weeks, she continues messing with them, even though they completely ignore her and she doesn't get the chance to play the games by herself. Which of the following best explains why Siri continues to pester her brothers even after they start ignoring her? A. Siri continues to employ her tactics because pestering her brothers is on an intermittent reinforcement schedule that is more resistant to extinction B. Siri's previous success with her tactics has created behavioral momentum, increasing the behavior's resistance to change even though the schedule of reinforcement for her behavior has changed C. Being ignored by her brothers has created an establishing operation on the value of their attention D. Siri's behaviors of pestering her brothers was being negatively reinforced, leading to an increase in the behavior after their attention was removed Points: 1/1 153. BCBA Janice is working with a 5-year-old child diagnosed with autism. The client's parents have concerns about tantrums at home, but want to prioritize teaching academic skills since they will be starting kindergarten soon. The kindergarten teacher is more concerned about the client's ability to follow classroom routines and interact with peers. What should Janice do next to identify a socially significant goal? A. Conduct a preference assessment to determine which skills the client enjoys learning most B. Prioritize reducing tantrums since it is a concern at home and the client has not started school yet C. Gather input from all stakeholders and conduct assessments to determine skill deficits and barriers to learning D. Focus on the academic skills to align with the parents' priorities Points: 1/1 154. BCBA Ricardo is planning to do an in-home observation for a new client when he finds out that the client has two dads, which goes against Ricardo's religious beliefs. What best first step should Ricardo take before conducting the observation? A. Ricardo should ask his director to assign a different BCBA to this client since working with a family that violates his personal beliefs may compromise his ability to remain professional B. Ricardo should self-assess and evaluate his own biases regarding cultural diversity and take steps to resolve any potential interference with his ability to behave equitably and inclusively C. Ricardo should talk to a homosexual coworker to ask what cultural variables he should be aware of D. Ricardo should watch a webinar on integrating LGBT+ affirming practices into his repertoire Points: 0/1 155. Janeesha's treatment plan recommends 20 hours of behavior analytic services per week. Her funding source has approved the proposal for 20 hours of services per week. A schedule is written for two 2-hour sessions per day for 5 days per week working with two seasoned RBTs. What measurement procedure should the BCBA use to ensure procedural integrity regarding the dosage of services for Janeesha? A. The BCBA should track the duration of Janeesha's sessions B. The BCBA should observe sessions and complete checklists to ensure that the RBTs are carrying out Janeesha's mand training program correctly C. The BCBA should track if each session was attended by the RBTs D. Both A and C Points: 1/1 156. A behavior analyst is designing an assessment to evaluate a client's skill strengths and areas of need. Which of the following best ensures a comprehensive and effective assessment? A. Conducting direct observations, caregiver interviews, and skill-based assessments to gather multiple data sources B. Selecting a standardized assessment tool that measures a broad range of skills C. Gathering information from parents and other stakeholders to determine skills strengths and deficits D. Choosing assessment tools that will allow you to complete the assessment phase quickly so that treatment goals can be written and implemented as soon as possible Points: 0/1 157. Chang is a young adult who has a part-time job stocking shelves at a local grocery store with the support of his job coach, Jean- Paul. As part of his supported work arrangement, Chang is given a 5-minute break every 30 minutes. In addition, Jean-Paul gives Chang a plastic poker chip after every 10 items he stocks on the shelves, which he can exchange for a variety of items from a list at the end of his shift. The items cost anywhere between 1 and 5 tokens each. What schedules of reinforcement are in effect for Chang for receiving breaks and poker chips? A. FI 30 minutes and FR 10 B. FI 30 minutes and VR 3 C. FT 30 minutes and FR 10 D. FT 30 minutes and VR 3 Points: 1/1 158. Which of the following is NOT a potential risk that can come as a result of engaging in unethical behavior as a practitioner? A. Restrictions on the practitioner's ability to practice (e.g. cannot work with a certain population) until certain requirements are met B. Required community service to improve the practitioner's local community while fostering a greater sense of responsibility to that community C. Loss of trust in the profession of behavior analysis and decreased credibility in the science of behavior D. Mandatory supervision by an approved individual to remediate concerns related to the ethical violation Points: 0/1 159. Which of the following statements about this hypothetical example of a changing criterion design experiment are true? Virués-Ortega, Javier & Martin, Garry. (2010). Guidelines for sport psychologists to evaluate their interventions in clinical cases using single-subject designs.. Journal of Behavioral Health and Medicine. 1. 158-171. 10.1037/h0100549. A. The intervention effectively increased correct responding B. The study showed a near perfect amount of experimental control C. A mini reversal phase was used to strengthen the internal validity of the study D. Both A & B Points: 1/1 160. Based on the results of Benito's preference assessment, which of the following statements are true? A. Benito does not find drawing reinforcing B. The squishy toy is the assessed stimulus most likely to function as a reinforcer C. Benito's favorite items are the squishy toy and music D. The squishy toy is the most reinforcing stimulus Points: 1/1 161. After shifting to a performance-based, behavior-analytic supervision model, Matilda, the lead BCBA at her clinic, notices improved generalization of staff skills, fewer client complaints, and increased independence across supervisees. She also notes that maladaptive behaviors among clients has decreased while skill acquisition rates have increased. The clinic owner also reports that both staff retention and average staff attendance has improved. However, some of Matilda's colleagues report frustration with the additional time demands. Which of the following best aligns with the behavior-analytic rationale for continuing the model? A. Structured supervision improves implementation accuracy, supporting long-term outcomes for clients and staff B. The best known and available supervision practices are legally and ethically required and should be followed regardless of time constraints C. Client outcomes outweigh staff satisfaction making the extra time demands irrelevant D. Staff are more likely to follow protocols when under strict administrative supervision Points: 0/1 162. Which of the following behaviors would be more accurately recorded using percentage rather than rate? A. Echoics B. Bites taken C. Finger twirling D. Cursing Points: 1/1 163. Which of the following sets represents a response class? A. Riding a bike, changing a flat tire, shopping for a new bike seat, installing a bike rack on your car B. Someone tapping you on your shoulder, someone calling your name from across the room, a text alert on your phone, a knock on your door C. Taking mock exams, practicing SAFMEDS, reading texts and taking notes, participating in a study group D. Putting on underwear, pants, uncomfortable shoes, putting on a shirt Points: 1/1 164. Pierre is a new BCBA who currently supervises 8 RBTs. During group and individual supervision meetings, Pierre has used behavior skills training (BST) to teach a number of skills to his RBTs. Skills taught using BST have included reinforcement delivery, mand training, data collection, and discrete trial teaching (DTT) procedures. While reviewing data collected during observations, Pierre noticed a pattern indicating that many of the skills that the RBTs were not performing correctly were skills he had taught using BST. Pierre knows that he is ethically required to continually evaluate the effects of his supervision and training, and that client outcomes may be suffering due to his RBT's low fidelity scores in these areas. Which of the following options describes a data-based decision about the efficacy of Pierre's supervisory practices? A. Pierre decides that he must have a bad batch of RBTs, and surmises that this group were assigned to him because he was newly certified B. Pierre realizes that BST, while evidence-based, has not been working, so he decides to create his own training program to teach skills to his RBTs C. Pierre concludes that his use of BST has not been effective, reviews the steps and methodology of BST, and speaks with a mentor to help determine how he can increase the effectiveness of his trainings D. Since BST is evidence-based, Pierre plans to continue training his RBTs using this method and will begin writing up RBTs who do not follow the procedures as they were taught Points: 1/1 165. A client with limited vocal-verbal skills engages in loud vocalizations resulting in escape from group activities. The BCBA teaches the client to request a break by exchanging a "break" card. Which of the following best describes why the BCBA chose this replacement behavior? A. It allows the client to avoid the need for communication B. It serves the same function as the target behavior in a more socially acceptable way C. It is a commonly used intervention that reduces all problem behaviors D. It is more generalizable than teaching the client to request a break using speech Points: 1/1 166. Every morning when Lenia's partner's alarm goes off, they hit snooze within 5 seconds. 9 minutes later when it goes off again, they hit snooze again within 5 seconds. They always hit snooze at least twice, and usually turn off the alarm and get out of bed the third time it goes off, but will occasionally hit snooze a third or fourth time. Which of these statements is NOT true? A. Lenia's partner's average latency between the alarm first going off and getting out of bed is greater than 18 minutes B. The average interresponse time for Lenia's partner hitting snooze is 9 minutes C. The latency between the first instance of the alarm going off and actually getting out of bed is based on the number of times Lenia's partner hits snooze D. On the mornings your partner hits snooze more than twice, their IRT for hitting snooze decreases due to the higher rate of the behavior Points: 0/1 167. Based on this functional analysis graph, what is the function of the elopement behavior? A. Automatic/Sensory B. Demand C. Both A & B D. Attention Points: 0/1 168. Hunter has a tendency to hit, bite, and scratch when asked to relinquish a toy he is playing with. What type of preference assessment should your supervisee conduct with Hunter? A. Single stimulus assessment B. Forced-choice assessment C. Multiple stimulus w/o replacement assessment D. Free-operant observation Points: 1/1 169. You are conducting a functional analysis for a client that exhibits self-injurious behavior in the form of hitting his head with a closed fist. He doesn't hit himself with very much force, but it is still problematic, especially if he hits himself multiple times in quick succession. You have hypothesized the SIB to be attention-maintained since it is usually quickly followed by attention from his parents or teachers either trying to block the behavior or attempting to soothe him and ask what is wrong or what he wants. You decide to conduct a brief functional analysis so there are fewer opportunities for him to hit himself. The results from your brief FA were: Attention condition: 3 instances over 5 minutes Demand condition: 1 instance over 5 minutes Tangibles condition: 3 instances over 5 minutes Control condition: 4 instances over 5 minutes Based on the information obtained, what would be the best next step for you to take? A. Begin planning an intervention for SIB with targeting both attention and tangible functions B. Run a synthesized condition combining attention with access to tangibles to confirm if both functions are present C. Run an extended alone condition to confirm whether or not the function could be sensory/automatic D. Design and implement an intervention for sensory/automatically-maintained SIBs Points: 1/1 170. As a school-based BCBA, you are working with a 3rd-grade student with a history of disruptive behaviors. You have consent to conduct a functional behavior assessment and have completed an indirect analysis using rating scales, questionnaires, and interviews with the student's parents and teacher. Prior to conducting direct observations and taking ABC data, you instruct the classroom paraprofessional to collect scatter plot data across 5 consecutive school days. Which of the following is the best reason to obtain scatter plot data prior to conducting direct observations? A. Scatter plot data can show patterns of responding that will determine the environmental variables maintaining the target behavior B. Scatter plot data will identify events and/or times of day when the behavior of interest is most likely to occur and will allow you to choose the best times for direct observations C. The subjective distinction between the target behavior happening not at all, a little, or a lot used in scatter plot recording is more accurate and less time consuming than taking count or rate data D. None of the above; scatter plot data should be recorded after completing direct observations and taking ABC data Points: 0/1 171. You are a part of a multi-disciplinary team that includes a student's parents, teachers, SLP, and OT. The student's teachers mention that the student has trouble sitting still during class, he displays a lot of physical stereotypy that tends to distract him from what he is supposed to be doing, and that sometimes his excessive movement is disruptive to his classmates. The parents confirm that they see the same issues at home, especially when trying to do homework, at mealtimes, and when trying to do family activities together. The OT suggests implementing a "sensory diet" in order to help the student regulate themselves. You are familiar with sensory diets, you do not believe it will be harmful to the student, and think that it may actually be helpful. What is the best next step for you to take? A. You can agree to have the OT try out the intervention in their sessions and report back, but not implement them in your own sessions B. Inform the team that a "sensory diet" is not an evidence-based program, so you cannot support having anyone implement it C. Address the OT privately and let them know that sensory diets are not evidence-based, so the intervention should not be implemented D. You can agree to try out the intervention and implement it during ABA sessions in conjunction with the OT while tracking data on these behaviors Points: 1/1 172. A BCBA notices that an RBT is not delivering reinforcement within the required latency despite the BCBA's verbal feedback across multiple sessions. Upon conducting a performance diagnostic interview, the BCBA realizes the RBT is not clear on what counts as "immediate" and finds reinforcement delivery difficult due to how materials are organized. What is the best next step the BCBA should take to improve the RBT's performance? A. Implement reprimands to increase motivation for correct responding B. Reorganize materials, clarify tasks, and reinforce accurate delivery C. Remove reinforcement from client programming until the RBT implements it accurately D. Instruct the RBT to provide reinforcement within 2 seconds of the correct response Points: 1/1 173. A BCBA has implemented a structured, competency-based supervision model for all clinic staff. Within six months, incident reports decreased by 40% and staff turnover has dropped from 22% to 8%. Additionally, data indicates decreased rates of problem behaviors and increased rates of skill acquisition for clients. What conclusion best reflects a behavior-analytic interpretation of this change? A. Structured supervision likely increased treatment integrity, resulting in better outcomes B. Supervision helped create rapport, which likely improved job satisfaction C. The decrease in turnover is more likely related to strong work culture than the new supervision model D. Frequent non-contingent supervision reduced staff burnout and increased treatment integrity Points: 1/1 174. In a program to teach a student to identify his own printed name across multiple contexts (e.g. on a desk in his classroom, above the hook where he hangs his backpack, etc.) the paraprofessional started by always printing the student's name on bright yellow paper, then faded to using white paper but highlighting each letter in the student's name with yellow highlighter, then to only highlighting the first letter in the student's name. Which of the following would be the appropriate next step in fading the stimulus prompt? A. Remove all highlighting but make the student's name bigger than other stimuli B. Transition to a yellow arrow pointing to the student's name C. Circle the student's name with the yellow highlighter D. Underline the first letter in the student's name with the yellow highlighter Points: 1/1 175. Ron was thirsty, so he went to the refrigerator and got out the jug of milk. As he opened it to pour some into his cup he noticed that it smelled funny, but he poured himself a large cup full and drank it anyway. A short time later he started feeling nauseous causing him to vomit several times over the course of the next half hour. He vowed never to drink milk that smelled funny again and stuck to his vow. What type of stimulus was the nausea Ron felt after drinking the milk? A. Generalized conditioned punisher B. Secondary punisher C. Conditioned punisher D. Unconditioned punisher