Hypertension - Answer--No known cause in 90% of cases of primary HTN -Secondary causes: renal failure, kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, Cushing
syndrome, hyper/hypo thyroidism, increased ICP, sleep apnea, oral co
...
Hypertension - Answer--No known cause in 90% of cases of primary HTN -Secondary causes: renal failure, kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, Cushing
syndrome, hyper/hypo thyroidism, increased ICP, sleep apnea, oral contraceptives,
steroids, cocaine, NSAIDs, decongestants, sympathomimetics, alcohol,
antidepressants, caffeine
Risk Factors: Hypertension - Answer--Modifiable: smoking, DM, high cholesterol,
obesity (single most important factor in children), physical inactivity, poor diet, excessive
sodium intake, excessive alcohol consumption -Non-modifiable: CKD, family hx, increased age (>55 men, > 65 women), low
socioeconomic status, low educational status, male sex, OSA, stress, pregnancy
Assessment: Hypertension - Answer--Most are asymptomatic; occipital headache,
headache upon waking, blurry vision, fundoscopic exam (AV nicking, exudates,
papilledema), left vent. hypertrophy, pregnancy w/HTN and proteinuria, edema, and
excessive weight gain
Differential Diagnosis: Hypertension - Answer--Secondary HTN, white coat HTN
(artificial elevation d/t medical environment anxiety)
Final Diagnosis: Hypertension - Answer--Urinalysis = proteinuria -Electrolytes, creatinine, calcium -Fasting lipid profile and BS -ECG -Measure BP twice, 5 mins apart -Patient should be seated; use proper cuff size and application
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