1. Hypertension
Presentation: Most are not symptomatic, Occipital Headaches, headache on awakening in am, burry
vision.
Look for these clinical findings to rule out organ damage:
Microvascular
Eyes (HTN retinopath
...
1. Hypertension
Presentation: Most are not symptomatic, Occipital Headaches, headache on awakening in am, burry
vision.
Look for these clinical findings to rule out organ damage:
Microvascular
Eyes (HTN retinopathy): AV nicking (causes when arteriole crosses on top of vein),
papilledema
Kidneys: microalbuminuria and proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine and abnormal eGFR,
peripheral or generalized edema
Macrovascular
Heart: S3 (CHF), S4 (LVH), carotid bruits, decreased or absent peripheral pulses
Brain: TIA or hemorrhagic stroke
Assessment/Exam:
Asymptomatic
Occipital headache
Blurry vision
Headache upon wakening
Exam of optic fundi: Look for AV nicking, hemorrhage, papilledema
LVH (long standing HTN)
Perform exam of symmetrical pulses
Auscultate for Carotid bruits, abdominal bruits, and kidney bruits
Diagnostic studies: EKG, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, TSH, CXR to R/O
cardiomegaly. CBC, CMP, and urinalysis. Measure BP 5 minutes apart. Assess the patients 10- year
risk for heart disease (ASCVD)
Diagnosis: > 140/90 mm Hg start on B/P medication.
Pharmacologic Management:
FIRST LINE DIURETIC: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg/day (max
50mg/day) *May worsen gout and elevate lipids and glucose
ALTERNATIVE CCB: Amlodipine besylate 5 mg /day. (Watch for lower extremity
edema)
ACE: lisinopril 10mg/day complicated HTN first line
Consider ACE/ARB in patient with DM, proteinuria, HF. CONTRAINDICATED IN
PREGNANCY
If stage 2, initiate 2 drug classes (Diuretic & CCB most effective in African
American)
Follow up:
2-4weeks
Referral:
Cardiology if EKG is abnormal
Secondary HTN causes to consider:
CKD, renal artery stenosis, hyperthyroidism, phenochromocytoma, OSA, coartication of the
heart (SBP higher in the legs), oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, cocaine, NSAID,
decongestants
Differential:
Secondary hypertension
White coat syndrome
Pregnant
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Education:
[Show More]