Chapter 10 Terms
1. Inside the human brain is the R-Complex, which is like the brains of reptiles and birds; in it
resides our basic instincts and drives.
2. Wrapped around the answer to number 1 is the limbic system
...
Chapter 10 Terms
1. Inside the human brain is the R-Complex, which is like the brains of reptiles and birds; in it
resides our basic instincts and drives.
2. Wrapped around the answer to number 1 is the limbic system or the mammalian brain,
which affects animal calls. In humans, it is the source of screaming and crying of young
children.
3. The neo-cortex is where the language skills reside. This is the area of the brain that
contains Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.
4. Linguists such as Noam Chomksy and Eric Lenneberg believe that the potential for
language is innate to humans.
5. This is known as the innateness hypothesis.
6. Examples of biologically based behaviors include sucking, eating, grasping objects,
walking, and talking.
7. Cooking, sewing, carpentry, bike riding, reading, and writing require training and
instruction; they are not biologically based.
8. The innateness hypothesis proposes that children are predisposed to a certain Universal
Grammar or UG.
9. The hardwiring in the brains of children, which allows them to learn language, has been
called a Language Acquisition Device.
10. The critical period hypothesis states that after the age of puberty the language
acquisition device ceases to function.
11. The imitation hypothesis does not account for the ability of children to learn language
when there is a poverty of the stimulus.
12. The reinforcement hypothesis postulates that children learn language by positive
reinforcement when they produce a grammatical utterance and by being corrected when
they don’t.
13. The interactionist hypothesis (also known as constructivism states that children use
their innate language abilities to extract the rules of the language from their environment
and construct the phonology, semantics, and syntax of their native language.
14. Within a few months of birth, babies begin making verbal sounds, first cooing then
babbling.
15. One-word utterances are referred to as holophrases because they are complete or
undivided phrases; this stage of language acquisition is the holophrastic stage.
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