Macomb Community CollegeHIST 2100APUSH_AMSCO_Chapter_25.

Name: Shayan Matin Class Period: 1st FDR & WWII APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 25. (and portions of other chapters as noted in reading guide) Students without the 2015 edition of AMSCO should refer to Pearson ch ...

Name: Shayan Matin Class Period: 1st FDR & WWII APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 25. (and portions of other chapters as noted in reading guide) Students without the 2015 edition of AMSCO should refer to Pearson chapter 23 or other resources. Directions→ Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. QUIZ DATE. Pictured at right: nuclear explosion over Nagasaki, 1945, Public Domain Learning Goals: Compare FDR’s policies to those of Woodrow Wilson and the Roaring Twenties’ presidents. Identify and analyze the causes and effects of the World War II. Analyze the ways Americans and government responded to war, and evaluate WWI as a major turning point in United States history. Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 7: Key Concept 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system. Key Concept 7.2: Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns. Key Concept 7.3: Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world. Section 1: Reviewing Post WWI Foreign Policies and evaluating their impact. (read pages referenced in chart before completing each row) Answer the following questions by reviewing main events, defining terms, and analyzing significance in the spaces provided. 1. Analyze the reasons why WWI was not “the war to end all wars,” as Woodrow Wilson had hoped. Define and explain each policy in detail, and review the analysis of “why it didn’t work.” Highlight main ideas. Policies Definitions and Explanations… Why it didn’t work… Treaty of Versailles see pp 465-466 and page 525 • Brought WW1 to an end • Signed on June 28, 1919 • Negotiated among Allied powers • Forced Germany to recognize guilt • Led to Great Depression • Created League of Nations The Treaty of Versailles was not ratified by the United States mainly over Wilson’s refusal to compromise on the League of Nations and the irreconcilable sin Congress refusing to agree to any sort of “entangling alliance.” Issues over other Treaty provisions such as punishment of Germany (economic, geographic, military, and emotional) caused reservations among some American leaders. This treaty was largely seen as a major cause of WWII as it didn’t solve the problems of WWI and contributed to more problems which further disrupted balance of power and the global economy. League of Nations see page 464 • Intergovernmental organization • Founded on January 10, 1930 • Result of Paris Peace Conference • All allies joined • United States did not join The League of Nations was created following WWI, but the United States did not join. The United States was, in the 1920s, one of the most powerful and influential nations in the world, and not taking a leadership position in this new diplomatic organization doomed it to failure (especially when you combine it with the Treaty of Versailles provisions). When trouble arose in the 1920s with fascism in Italy and then militarism in Japan (followed by fascism in Germany in the 1930s), the League of Nations was unable and unwilling to take a strong stand against new empires which allowed the Axis Powers to form and begin their world domination plots with little interference from League nations (and the U.S.) Section 1 Continued… Analyze the reasons why WWI was not “the war to end all wars,” as Woodrow Wilson had hoped. Define and explain each policy in detail, and review the analysis of “why it didn’t work.” Highlight main ideas. Policies Definitions and Explanations… Why it didn’t work… Washington Naval Conference and subsequent treaties: 5-Power, 4-Power, & 9-Power Treaties see pp 486-487 • World’s largest naval powers gathered in DC to discuss disarmament/ relieve tensions • 5- power was a naval ratio maintained by each country • 4- power was a consulting with each for future crises • All endorsed US Open Door Policy After the Great War, the United States made a separate peace with Germany and then began its own, independent efforts to prevent future war. This conference had a goal of promoting disarmament and restoring balance of power. President Harding and Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes successfully negotiated these three treaties; however, Italy and Japan (signers of some of these treaties) did not follow through. KelloggBriand Pact see page 487 • Signed on August 27, 1928 • Signatory states promised not to use war for conflicts President Calvin Coolidge and Secretary of State Frank Kellogg led a multi-nation effort to prevent war with this treaty, however it was just as idealistic (perhaps more so) than Wilson’s Fourteen Points. It failed simply because the world isn’t full of peace-loving pacifists, and outlawing war even with 62 nations (including Germany) signing it. Jane Addams won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her efforts in promoting such strategy for peace, this while Hitler was rising to power in Germany. It is a classic example of lovely idealism amidst ugly realism. Dawes Plan see page 488 • Attempt to solve WW1 debt • Triangle of payment • US – Germany – Britain Vice President Charles Dawes (under President Coolidge) developed this plan in order to keep reparation payments flowing to the Allies (Treaty of Versailles) which would then allow the Allies to continue to pay back WWI loans to the United States. It temporarily succeeded in easing economic pressure in Europe, but ultimately failed due to the global depression which began in 1929. This plan’s alternative was debt forgiveness, which in hindsight may have been a better strategy