BioChemistry > STUDY GUIDE > Queens University BCHM-218-SOS-Midterm-Review-Packet-Final-VERIFIED BY EXPERTS 2021-GRADED A+ (All)

Queens University BCHM-218-SOS-Midterm-Review-Packet-Final-VERIFIED BY EXPERTS 2021-GRADED A+

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BCHM 218 SOS Midterm Review Packet Allingham: Information Molecules: DNA, RNA and Protein The Central Dogma:  DNA –(transcription)-> RNA – (Translation)  Protein  Exception: Viruses ... can do reverse transcription  DNA is transcript for mRNA  mRNA moves out of the nucleus and is translated with the help of tRNA and ribosomes  The ribosome is made up of rRNA o two subunits (small and large) assemble on the mRNA molecule to form a complex  Recursive system – all feeds back on itself (eg. proteins are required to make DNA)  Abundance of other functional RNAs Chemical Properties:  Affinity determines specificity in molecular interactions  Affinity is determined by weak molecular interactions  Nucleic acids: o Base : AGTC – DNA, AGCU – RNA  hydrogen bonding o Ribose (5 carbon) sugar o Phosphate – bound to 5’ C of ribose  Phosphodiester bond  Bound to next nucleotide on 3’ sugar  Don’t bother memorizing DNA modifications – very unlikely a question will be asked on specifics  Know that they can be modified and that these modifications change the ability of proteins to bind DNA sequences  Proteins: o Amino acid  contains an amine, a carboxylic acid, a methyl and an R group o Amino acid residue  the amino acid with an H2O molecule removed o Peptide – a short chain of amino acid residues o Oligopeptide – 2 to 20 amino acid residues o Polypeptide – over 20 amino acid residues (i.e. a long chain) o Always read N-terminal to C-terminal o Know that amino acids can be modified – don’t need to memorize specific modifications until learning about histonesChemical Bonds “Strong” Chemical Bonds:  Covalent bond – electrons shared o a single bond can rotate o a double bond creates a planar shape  groups are locked in place – can’t rotate o Peptide bonds – have resonance – like a double bond  therefore peptide bonds are planar and attached groups can’t rotate  groups are located in the same plane o Know polar vs non-polar covalent bonds  Ionic bond – electrons transferred o Positive charged aas – Lys, Arg, His (at pH’s below 6) o Negative charged aas – Glu, Asp o Can form ionic bonds with each other in the protein between oppositely charged aas o Ionic bonds can also be formed with cofactors like Mg [Show More]

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