PSYCH 101 Psychological Science 6th Edition Gazzaniga Test Bank – North Seattle Community College

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PSYCH 101 Psychological Science 6th Edition Gazzaniga Test Bank – North Seattle Community College CHAPTER 1 The Science of Psychology LEARNING OBJECTIVES... 1.A What Is Psychological Science? 1. Define psychological science. 2. Define critical thinking, and describe what it means to be a critical thinker. 3. Identify major biases in thinking, and explain why these biases result in faulty thinking. 1.B What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology? 1. Trace the development of psychology since its formal inception in 1879. 2. Define the nature/nurture debate and the mind/ body problem. 3. Identify the major schools of thought that have characterized the history of experimental psychology. 1.C What Are the Latest Developments in Psychology? 1. Identify recent developments in psychological science. 2. Distinguish between subfields of psychology. 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science? a. the study of the brain and its function b. the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes c. the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior d. the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 2. Psychological science is the study of a. the mind. b. the brain. c. behavior. d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 3. The relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of the connection between a. the brain and the mind. c. genes and the mind. b. nature and nurture. d. the brain and emotion. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 4. Based on the textbook’s definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain? a. The brain is the same thing as the mind. b. The brain influences the mind. c. The brain is unrelated to the mind. d. The brain reflects the mind. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.A What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace believes instead that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would you resolve this argument? a. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind. b. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior. c. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior. d. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.A What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about? a. the structure and function of the brain b. mental disorders and their treatments c. feelings and other subjective states d. the mind, the brain, and behavior ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on a. the brain. c. behaviors. b. disorders. d. the mind. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind? a. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children’s actions on the playground b. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults c. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time d. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain? a. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals b. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop c. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes d. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior? a. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings b. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use c. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making d. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 11. According to the text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called a. scholarly inquiry. c. analytic argumentation. b. naysayerism. d. critical thinking. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research? a. open to new ideas b. carefully considers the facts c. wary of scientific findings d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that a. is systematic and reasonable. b. is open-minded and creative. c. criticizes others’ opinions. d. uses inferences but does not solve problems. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 14. Which of the following is an example of using BOTH critical thinking and scientific reasoning? a. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar b. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article about this topic in a popular magazine c. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong d. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in improving memory ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? a. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings. b. There could be significant limitations to the research findings. c. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas. d. There is always a single clear explanation, and the researchers may not have found it. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook? a. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology b. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science c. to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness d. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for psychological phenomena is that a. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. b. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. c. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions. d. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making conclusions. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of flawed research. This is an example of a. misunderstanding or not using statistics. b. hindsight bias. c. seeing relationships that do not exist. d. confirmation bias. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 19. Suppose you are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to avoid this bias? a. Focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news Web site. b. Place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs. c. Focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate research. d. Place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias? a. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is negative b. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is positive c. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our existing beliefs d. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against our existing beliefs ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 21. Juan is in the market for a new toaster. Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias? a. Juan reads reviews of his favorite brand of toaster on the company’s Web site. b. Juan reads reviews of all the toasters available on Amazon.com within his price range. c. Juan buys a toaster based on its color, rather than functionality. d. Juan buys a toaster, and then writes a positive review for it online. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 22. A patient begins taking a new heart medication. On the day of the first dose, the patient comes in contact with a sick coworker. The patient calls his doctor the next day to complain of flu-like symptoms as a side effect of the new medication. This is an example of a. taking mental shortcuts. b. the hindsight bias. c. seeing relationships that do not exist. d. the confirmation bias. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 23. Which of the following best explains why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes? a. People are mentally lazy. b. People generally ignore events that happen around them. c. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things. d. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 24. Which of the following is one of the major biases in thinking described in the text? a. misunderstanding or not using statistics b. seeing relationships that do not exist c. judging a book by its cover d. ignoring other people’s perspectives ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 25. Which of the following is an example of the “seeing relationships that do not exist” bias in thinking described in the text? a. Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and an above-average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average. b. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall one that happened recently. c. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam. d. Ziva’s favorite basketball team loses a game; afterward, she explains that it was because they had so many injuries this season. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 26. Which of the following is an example of the hindsight bias as described in the text? a. Matt explains that he studied the wrong material after he received a bad grade on the test. b. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall one that happened recently. c. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. d. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be heads the next time it is flipped. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 27. Which of the following is an example of the “taking mental shortcuts” bias in thinking described in the text? a. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but he thinks he got a D on his communications project because the instructions were too confusing. b. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the sinking of the Titanic. c. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats chicken nuggets before he performs. d. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists? a. Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen in order to make ourselves feel better. b. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome. c. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe. d. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate prediction. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 29. On his way to the basketball game, Tom says he cannot predict who will win. After his team wins the game, however, Tom says he knew they were going to win because their defense always plays well together. This is an example of a. taking mental shortcuts. c. the self-serving bias. b. the hindsight bias. d. the confirmation bias. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 30. Which of the following is a benefit of using heuristics and mental shortcuts? a. They can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort. b. They can lead to better decisions compared to effortful decision-making strategies. c. They can lead to poor decisions but are very easy to use. d. They can lead to poor decisions, but we outgrow them as we get older. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 31. Isaac is trying to decide how often shark attacks happen. He quickly remembers the many shows about shark attacks that he saw on television last week, so he decides that they must be common. Isaac’s overestimation of the rate of shark attacks is an example of a. the hindsight bias. c. the self-serving bias. b. taking mental shortcuts. d. seeing patterns that do not exist. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. In what way are a scatterplot and a correlation coefficient similar? a. Both provide numerical descriptions for an association between two variables. b. Both represent the association between two variables. c. Both provide pictures of an association between two variables. d. Both describe all associations between two variables as positive. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 2.15 The Correlation Coefficient Summarizes the Relationships Between Variables OBJ: 2.D3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Analyzing 2. Suppose Jana conducts a study and finds a positive relationship between sensitive parenting and children’s academic achievement. If she wants to make a judgment as to whether the same pattern would be found in the population, she will use a. correlation coefficients. c. inferential statistics. b. measures of central tendency. d. meta-analysis. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Analyzing 3. Casey is using statistical techniques to examine whether children with autism differ in the amount of self-esteem they report as compared to children without autism. She finds a significant difference, which suggests that the results of her analysis a. would occur by chance less than 5 percent of the time. b. provide stronger evidence than a meta-analysis. c. would be replicable 5 percent of the time in a new study. d. are probably not valid. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 4. Why do scientists and researchers use statistical methods to determine whether their results are statistically significant? a. They want to find out whether their findings would be likely to occur by chance. b. They want to report the mean, median, and mode of their data. c. They want to collect information on the reliability of the measures they used. d. They want to interrogate the external validity of their research. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Understanding 5. What do we mean when we say that inferential statistics allow researchers to make generalizations? a. Measures of central tendency like the mean, median, and mode are generalizations about data. b. Inferential statistics remove error/bias, so generalizations are easier to make. c. Knowing how likely findings are to occur indicates whether results reflect true differences in a population. d. Meta-analyses allow researchers to generalize findings from one study to many. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Analyzing 6. If the difference between two groups is statistically significant, it suggests that a. there is a positive correlation among the data. b. the data show low levels of systematic error. c. the researcher has to use descriptive statistics to test for the validity of the results. d. if the experiment were repeated, the same results would likely occur. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 7. What type of study can be described as a “study of studies”? a. correlational c. experiment b. case d. meta-analysis ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 8. How is a meta-analysis different from other types of studies? a. Replication is important for meta-analyses, but not for separate studies. b. Meta-analyses cannot detect significant differences, but separate studies can. c. A meta-analysis combines many studies into one analysis. d. A meta-analysis does not use effect sizes, but separate studies do. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Analyzing 9. Miranda is statistically combining the results of all the published studies on the effects of the presence of a weapon on eyewitness accuracy. In other words, Miranda is performing a(n) a. meta-analysis. c. inferential analysis. b. replication. d. significance test. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 10. Jamal is performing statistical analyses to determine whether the effects of the treatment in his experiment might actually have reflected chance, and Kendra is performing an analysis to combine the results of a number of experiments to yield an overall conclusion. Jamal is performing a ; Kendra is performing a . a. replication; meta-analysis c. significance test; meta-analysis b. significance test; replication d. meta-analysis; significance test ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 11. When determining whether results are statistically significant, researchers use inferential statistics to show that the results would a. never occur by chance. b. occur by chance less that 5 percent of the time. c. occur by chance less than 15 percent of the time. d. occur more often than would be expected by chance. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 2.16 Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 12. The “hot hand” phenomenon illustrates the necessity of inferential statistics because a. it is a research question that relates to sports, so it has generalized appeal. b. describing the effect is sufficient for understanding it. c. it requires methods that can determine whether a finding is due to chance. d. multiple scientists have investigated the effect, and come to different conclusions. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.17 Think Like a Psychologist: Should You Bet on a Hot Hand? OBJ: 2.D4 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding Psychological Science 6th Edition Gazzaniga Test Bank CHAPTER 3 Biology and Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3.A How Does the Nervous System Operate? 1. Distinguish between the two basic divisions of the nervous system. 2. Distinguish between the functions of distinct types of neurons. 3. Describe the structure of the neuron. 4. Describe the electrical and chemical changes that occur when neurons communicate. 5. Identify the major neurotransmitters and their primary functions. 3.B What Are the Basic Brain Structures and Their Functions? 1. Describe different methods for assessing brain function and activity. 2. Identify the basic structures of the brain and their primary functions. 3. Explain how the study of split brain contributes to understanding the functions of the cerebral hemispheres. 3.C How Does the Brain Communicate with the Body? 1. Differentiate between the subdivisions of the ner­ vous system. 2. Identify the primary structures of the endocrine system. 3. Explain how the nervous system and the endocrine system communicate to control thought, feeling, and behavior. 3.D How Does the Brain Change? 1. Explain how environmental factors, including experiences, influence brain organization. 2. Describe sex differences in brain structure and function. 3. Discuss how the brain recovers after injury. 3.E What Is the Genetic Basis of Psychological Science? 1. Explain how genes are transmitted from parents to offspring. 2. Discuss the goals and methods of behavioral genetics. 3. Explain how environmental factors, including experience, influence genetic expression. [Show More]

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