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NURS 8022 Cardio physiology

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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CV AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS  Arterial vessels o Elastic arteries: Contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle fibers; absorb energy an... d stretch. o Muscular arteries: Contain fewer elastic fibers and more muscle fibers; can contract (vasoconstriction) and relax (vasodilation).  Veins o Thin walled and fibrous with a large diameter o More numerous than arteries. o Do not recoil after distention as quickly as arteries. o Some contain valves. o Muscle pump: Pushes blood back to the heart.  Capillaries o Substances move through  Junctions between endothelial cells  Fenestrations (oval windows or pores)  Vesicles moved by active transport  Diffusion o Blood flow into the capillary beds  Controlled by the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle bands (precapillary sphincters) at the junctions between metarterioles and capillaries  Endothelium roles o Transportation of substances o Coagulation o Antithrombogenesis and fibrinolysis o Immune system function o Tissue growth and wound healing o Vasomotion: Contraction and relaxation of vessels o Performance of these vital functions through synthesis and the release of vasoactive chemicals HEART  Mediastinum o Area where the heart is located o Area above the diaphragm and between the lungs  Heart wall o Epicardium: Outer smooth layer o Myocardium: Thickest layer of cardiac muscle [Show More]

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