Cancer Questions and Answers Assignment Best Study Guide Approved

What is cancer? List the four types of cancer. Cancer is a condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells. The four types of cancer are carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. 2. Compare and contr ...

What is cancer? List the four types of cancer. Cancer is a condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells. The four types of cancer are carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. 2. Compare and contrast normal cell growth with cancer cell growth. How is cancer classified? A) Normal cell growth: healthy cells have a complicated system of checks and balances that control cell growth and division. Healthy cells divide when needed to replace cells that have died or been sloughed off. Specific safety mechanisms are designed to correct genetic mutations and destroy cells with mutations. B) Cancer cell growth: cancer starts from a single cell that undergoes a critical genetic mutation, either as result of an error in duplication or in response to a carcinogen or radiation. This initiating event must be in a location in the cell’s DNA that alters the functioning of a growth-controlling safety mechanism and allows a cell to evade one of the restraints placed upon healthy cells. To become a cancer, however, it must escape all the control mechanisms. 3. What are ten risk factors for cancer? Ten risk factors for cancer are aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, and poor diet. 4. Explain the causes, risk factors, treatments, and survival rates for the three common types of cancer: lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. A) Lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer. The risk factors of lung cancer are the use of tobacco products in any form; exposure to carcinogenic chemicals, arsenic, radon, asbestos, radiation, air pollution, and This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-24-2021 11:22:00 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/25976698/HE-101-100-Chapter-15-Cancer-Questions-and-Answers-Assignmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com Letavius Wesley 15 October 2017 HE 101-100: Concepts of Health environmental tobacco smoke. Treatment for this type of cancer would be surgery, radiation, or a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. The one-year survival rate is 44 percent, and the five-year survival rate is 17 percent. B) Breast cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The risk factors are, early first menstruation; late onset of menopause; family history; older age; higher socioeconomic class; having no children or having children after 30; obesity; hormone replacement after menopause; and more than two alcoholic beverages a day. Treatment for this type of cancer is lumpectomy, which is the removal of the tumor and some breast tissue around. The fiveyear survival rate for all stages is 89 percent. C) Prostate cancer, is the second most common cause of cancer death in men. It is also the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The risk factors are age, family history; being black; and possibly a high-fat diet. Treatment for this type of cancer are in early stages and young men: surgery and radiation, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy, and hormonal medication; in later stages: chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal medication; and vaccine approved in 2010 appears to prolong life. The five-year survival rate for all stages is nearly 100 percent. 5. Describe the various treatment available to cancer patients. Surgery can remove the cancer, remove the affected organ; used to treat the cancer that has spread. In chemotherapy, a drug treatment administered to the entire body to kill cancer cells. Radiation, is directed to a specific area; used with surgery of chemotherapy, or to control pain. Biological therapies, aim to enhance the immune system’s ability to fight cancer (immunotherapy) or reduce side effects of chemotherapy. Bone marrow transplantation, is initially for cancer of the white blood cells (leukemia, lymphoma); now sometimes This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-24-2021 11:22:00 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/25976698/HE-101-100-Chapter-15-Cancer-Questions-and-Answers-Assignmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com Letavius Wesley 15 October 2017 HE 101-100: Concepts of Health used when bone marrow cells have been killed in chemotherapy. Gene therapy and genetic testing is when gene therapy is still in the clinical trials stage, and genetic testing may become important in “precision medicine”. Clinical trials, is used when research studies to test new drugs and treatment regimens. Complementary and integrative medicine is currently a hot topic for research; it is used at higher rates by cancer patients and survivors, but none have been shown to cure cancers; and some supplements may interact with cancer treatments and should be used with caution and under supervision. This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-24-2021 11:22:00 GMT -05:00