EIP MIDTERM, USA EIP I Exam 1/Midterm. All questions with accurate answers. Rated A

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EIP MIDTERM, USA EIP I Exam 1/Midterm. All questions with accurate answers. Rated A What are the 3 components involved in a research approach? - ✔✔1. Philosophical World-views 2. Designs 3.... Research Methods What are the most popular Philosophical world-views? - ✔✔1. Postpositivist 2. Constructivist 3. Transformative 4. Pragmatic What information helps the researcher explain why they chose their research design? - ✔✔1. The Philosophical World-view proposed in the study 2. Definition of basic ideas of that world-view 3. How world-view shaped their approach to research What are the major elements of post-positivism world-view? - ✔✔1. More for quantitative research 2. a.k.a. scientific method 3. Challenges what is known to be true 4. Recognizing we can't be ABSOLUTELY positive, b/c we're 5. Reduce big ?'s into testable ideas 6. Gathering data and studying behavior What are the major elements of Constructivist world-view? - ✔✔1. More for qualitative research 2. a.k.a. social constructivism 3. Seek to understand the world in which they live 4. Look for complexity of the view from participants experiences 5. Uses open-ended questions 6. Theory generation & always understanding social and historical settings 7. Unlike post-positivism, they generate (construct) theory What are the major elements of Transformative world-view? - ✔✔1. research needs to be intertwined with politics to confront social oppression. 2. Contains an action agenda for reform that may change participants life 3. Addresses important social issues 4. Collaborative with participants directly involved in social injustice - creates voice for them by them helping design and collect data What are the major elements of Pragmatic world-view? - ✔✔1. Unlike postpositivist, arises out of actions, situations, and consequences 2. Mixed methods approach- use qualitative and quantitative 3. Is problem-centered, want to understand research problem 4. Look to what and how to research 5. "Real world" practice oriented What are the different research designs? - ✔✔1. Quantitative 2. Qualitative 3. Mixed Methods Mixed methods uses both predetermined and emerging methods in research design. Which of these is qualitative and quantitative? - ✔✔Predetermined- Quantitative Emerging- Qualitative Mixed methods use both open- and closed-ended questions in their research design, which one is qualitative and quantitative? - ✔✔open ended- Qualitative Closed-ended- Quantitative (instrument based ?'s) Mixed methods use multiple forms of data drawing on all possibilities in their research design, describe quantitative and qualitative data - ✔✔1. Quantitative date- performance, attitude, observational, senses 2. Qualitative- interview, observation, document, and audiovisual Mixed methods use statistical and text analysis in its research design, which one is qualitative and quantitative? - ✔✔Quantitative- statistical analysis Qualitative- Text and image analyisis Mixed methods collect data by interpreting statistical analysis and themes & patterns analysis, which one is qualitative and quantitative? - ✔✔Quantitative- statistical interpretation Qualitative- Themes and pattern interpretation Which research approach uses constructivist/ transformative claims? - ✔✔Qualitative Which research approach uses postpositivist claims? - ✔✔Quantitative Which research approach uses pragmatic claims? - ✔✔Mixed Methods What are the alternative designs that make up quantitative research? - ✔✔1. Survey Designs (and sometimes data surveys) getting a description of trends 2. Experimental Designs (treatment vs. control group) -Random, quasi-experiment (nonrandom & single subject) 3. Longitudinal Designs- collects data over time What are the alternative designs that make up qualitative research? - ✔✔1. Narrative design 2. Phenomenology 3. Grounded Theory 4. Ethnographies 5. Case studies What are the alternative designs that make up mixed methods research? - ✔✔1. Combines qualitative & quantitative design 2. Explanatory Sequential- quantitative data collected 1st, then elaborate w/ qualitative research 3. Exploratory Sequential- qualitative data (views) collected 1st, then elaborate w/ quantitative research In qualitative research, which design focuses on studying lives of individuals and often combines views of participant in collaboration with researcher(s) life? - ✔✔Narrative research In qualitative research, which design focuses on philosophy and psychology in a group of participants experiencing 1 phenomenon, and typically conducts ________________. - ✔✔Phenomenological research Interviews In qualitative research, which design focuses on sociology and emerging patterns grounded in the views of the participants? - ✔✔Grounded Theory In qualitative research, which design focuses on sociology in which researcher studies shared patterns of behaviors, language, and actions of an intact culture group in a natural setting in a prolonged period of time? Data collection also involves ________ and __________. - ✔✔Ethnography Observation Interviews In qualitative research, which design focuses on in-depth analysis of a case, often a program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals. - ✔✔Case Study Given the scenario, illustrate the 3 research designs and the overall approach used. Researcher tests a theory by specifying narrow hypothesis and collection of data to support or refute hypothesis. Attitudes are assessed both before and after an experimental treatment. Data is collects on instrument that measures attitudes, and info. is analyzed using statistical procedures and hypothesis testing. - ✔✔Quantitative approach; postpositivist worldview; experimental design, and pretest and posttest measures of attitude (survey) Given the scenario, illustrate the 3 research designs and the overall approach used. Researcher seeks to establish meaning of phenomenon from views of participants. This means identifying culture sharing group, and studying how it develops shared patterns of behavior over time. One of key elements of collecting data in this way is to observe participant behaviors during their engagement in activities. - ✔✔1. Qualitative approach 2. Constructivist world view *Key word- establishing meaning of phenomenon from participants views 3. Ethnographic design *Key word- behavior over time Given the scenario, illustrate the 3 research designs and the overall approach used. Researcher bases inquiry on assumption that collecting diverse types of data best provides a more complete understanding of a research problem than either quantitative or qualitative data alone. The study begins with a broad survey in order to generalize results to a population and then, in a 2nd phase, focuses on qualitative, open-ended interviews to collect detailed views from participants to help explain the initial quantitative survey. - ✔✔1. Mixed Methods Approach 2. Pragmatic Worldview 3. Explanatory sequential design Given the scenario, illustrate the 3 research designs and the overall approach used. The inquirer seeks to examine an issue related to oppression of individuals. To study this, stories are collected of individual oppression. Individuals are interviewed at some length to determine how they have personally experienced oppression. - ✔✔1. Qualitative approach 2. Transformative Worldview 3. Narrative design 4. Open-ended interviewing When conducting a literature search, what steps should you take and how do you prioritize those? - ✔✔1. Start w/ broad search of literature 2. Research journal articles that answer ? 3. Books related to specific topic 4. Conference papers from national conferences 5. Scan dissertation abstracts 6. Online journals from the web What are the 7 steps for conducting a literature review? - ✔✔1. Identify keywords 2. Search databases on computer 3. Locate 50 reports related to topic 4. Skim articles and collect ones essential to topic 5. Design a literature map 6. Summaries of relevant articles 7. Assemble lit. review organizing important concepts When researchers perform a literature review, abstracts can be written to synthesize the information for easy reference. Review what should be included in an abstract. - ✔✔1. Mentions problem being addressed 2. State central purpose or focus of study 3. Briefly state info. about sample, population, or subjects 4. Review key results that relate to proposed study 5. If it is critique or methods review, point out technical and methodological flaws. What are the 4 types of literature review? - ✔✔1. Narrative 2. Systematic 3. Meta-analysis 4. Meta-synthesis What type of review is a gathering of information from an expert in the field? - ✔✔Narrative What type of review is a summary of the literature that uses clear methods to perform a thorough search and critical appraisal of individual studies on a defined topic area for which there are sufficient studies of similar design? - ✔✔Systematic What type of review contains a statistical summary of at least one outcome in 2 or more trials? These results are presented statistically in ________ form. - ✔✔Meta-analysis Graphic What type of review comes from qualitative studies and uses language-based data rather than numerical data found in quantitative research? - ✔✔Meta-synthesis What are 9 intellectual standards in order? - ✔✔1. Clarity 2. Accuracy 3. Precision 4. Relevance 5. Depth 6. Breadth 7. Logic 8. Significance 9. Fairness _______ is understandable, meaning can be grasped, and elaborates on the point. - ✔✔Clarity _________ is free from errors or distortions. Verify facts, check source to make sure it's valid. - ✔✔Accuracy ________ is exact to the necessary level of detail. More specific, details. - ✔✔Precision ________ is relating to the matter at hand. - ✔✔Relevance ________ is containing complexities and multiple interrelationships. - ✔✔Depth _______ is encompassing multiple viewpoints. - ✔✔Breadth ________ is the parts make sense together, no contradictions. How does it all fit together? - ✔✔Logic _______ is focusing on the important, not trivial facts. - ✔✔Significance _____ is justifiable, not self-serving or one-sided. Representing all viewpoints. - ✔✔Fairness What type of egocentric thinker regards their own needs as the center of all things - ✔✔Innate egocentrism What type of egocentric thinker would look at viewpoint of social group? - ✔✔Sociocentrism Innate egocentric thinking is developed because I want to believe it and I believe in whatever puts me in a positive light. - ✔✔Innate wish fulfillment Innate egocentric thinking is developed because it is my selfish interest to believe it. - ✔✔Innate Selfishness Innate egocentric thinking is developed because I have always believed it. - ✔✔Innate Self-Validation ________ is assumption that influences thought - ✔✔Bias What is bias due to? - ✔✔1. Personal view 2. Familiar ideas 3. Likes/dislikes What is physiognomy in regards to bias? - ✔✔Perceiving information through facial expressions ___________ is the interrelationships among basic elements - ✔✔Conceptual Knowledge ________ entails the interrelationships and synthesis of information which judgement is made utilizing reflection of self-awareness. - ✔✔Conceptual Reasoning What is acronym for WISE approach? - ✔✔W-wonder (reflect on experiences) I-investigate (gain info.) S-speculate (identify possible solutions) E-evaluate (test solutions) What is the purpose of a literature review? - ✔✔1. Integrate prior studies 2. Connect dots so it becomes series of related topics 3. Identify central issue 4. Provide more rigor than single study 5. Lack of time to read multiple studies 6. Provides info. on population intervention, and outcome 7. Confirmation of results What is the difference between a search engine and a repository? - ✔✔Search engine: google scholar Repository: Physical building of books List the 5 levels of evidence from most rigorous to least? - ✔✔1. Systematic review of RCT 2. Systematic review of cohort studies 3. Systematic review of Case control studies 4. Case series and Case control studies 5. Expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal What are the 4 key characteristics of Evidence Based Practice? - ✔✔1. Clinician Experience / Expertise 2. Patient Values & Preferences 3. Reviewing best Available Research 4. How It Was Developed What are the steps in the process of evidence based practice? - ✔✔1. Posing clinical question (PICO) 2. Searching for evidence 3. Appraising Literature 4. Making a decision 5. Assessing effectiveness of intervention & ones proficiency with EB [Show More]

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