Liberty University EDCO 740/EDCO740 Quiz 3

Annual "smoking attributable mortality" of premature deaths in the U.S. is estimated at 2,000. 10,000. 40,000. 440,000. Pregnant smokers have more spontaneous than pregnant nonsmokers. contract ...

Annual "smoking attributable mortality" of premature deaths in the U.S. is estimated at 2,000. 10,000. 40,000. 440,000. Pregnant smokers have more spontaneous than pregnant nonsmokers. contractions abortions diseases blood vessel collapse Nicotine acts in the brain by increasing serotonin reuptake. first stimulating and then blocking certain chemical receptors. enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects. reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex. Which king published a pamphlet stating that tobacco was "harmful to the braine, and dangerous to the lungs" in 1604? King James King Edward 1 King Julien King Ferdinand People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes can avoid most of the health problems of cigarettes. typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit. actually generate more secondhand smoke. still have some risk, but it is much lower than with regular cigarettes. In a 2014 Surgeon Generals report, it was estimated that smoking was responsible for an additional early deaths over a 50-year period. 20 million 25 million 35 million 40 million One big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is age. high self-esteem. caffeine use. higher level of education. Beginning in the 1950s, tobacco companies began offering cigarettes by promoting the idea that they were "safer." Turkish menthol high tar filtered Tobacco has traditionally been ingested in several ways. Which choice below is NOT one of the ways the textbook mentions? smoking snuffing injecting chewing By the late 1990s, as it relates to tobacco, the Surgeon General came to several conclusions. Which choice below is NOT one of those conclusions? the pharmacological and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction smoking is not addictive because people have a personal choice whether they smoke or not cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting The first advertisement showing a smoking appeared in 1919. man child woman all the above made it illegal in 1908 for a woman to use tobacco in public. Chicago New York Washington, DC Detroit The most effective delivery system for nicotine into the body is by chewing eating inhaling injecting Although lung cancer [in general] is not common, about percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers. 10 25 40 80 Caffeine has been shown to be an effective treatment for migraine headaches. anxiety. narcolepsy. panic disorder. In looking over the amount of caffeine in popular soft and energy drinks, which one has the most caffeine? Pepsi Max Bang Energy Red Bull Monster Energy According to the USDA, there are five countries that grow the most coffee. Which country below is NOT one of those five? Afganistan Brazil Columbia Vietnam A tax on this substance ignited the colonies to begin to rebel against England in 1773. opium coffee tea all the above A is the oldest type of stimulant known, and comes from a Greek word meaning "yellow." bromide enkephalin endorphin xanthine While there are no formal cause-and-effect studies that have been published, there are several causes for concern that high usages of caffeine can lead to certain diseases and complications. Which choice is NOT one of those areas of concern found in the textbook? cancer heart disease kidney failure becoming pregnant pp. 258-259 In 1909, the FDA siezed a supply of Coca-Cola syrup, and charged it with misbranding because it contained "no coca and little if any cola," and contained an added, poisonous ingredient called . cocaine opium caffeine ma huang The maximum CNS effect of caffeine is reached about after drinking coffee. 15 minutes 30 minutes 2 hours 4 hours The most consistent withdrawal symptom after chronic caffeine use is headache. drowsiness. increased fatigue. need to sleep. Often people who drink too much alcohol attempt to "sober up" by drinking coffee. Several studies support the idea that caffeine blocks alcohol's effect at GABA receptors. lowers BAC by increasing urine output. improves coordination and speed of reaction after drinking alcohol. is likely to lead to increased arousal, but the drinker is still impaired. The first reliable reference of tea being used as a medicinal plant is by the around 350AD. Arabic nations Chinese Dutch British Question 26 2 / 2 pts The unique xanthine in chocolate is known as . theobromine S-adenosyl-L-methionine ma huang acetylsalicylic acid There is some indication that relatively high doses of may decrease hyperactivity, though not as well as methylphenidate. alcohol caffeine nicotine all the above By the beginning of the 20th century, a greater percentage of Americans were dependent on opioids than at any time before or since. Opium smoking and medical use of injected pure morphine were important contributors to this, along with intravenous use of heroin. the growth of organized crime syndicates. alcohol prohibition. patent medicines containing opium extracts or morphine. Which overdose symptom is NOT considered to be part of the "opioid triad." pinpoint pupils anxiety depressed respiration coma After morphine, the second most important alkaloid derived from opium is: heroin methamphetamine codeine barbituarates The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by the British, around 1600 AD. Portuguese explorers, around 1400 AD. Egyptians, around 1500 BC. Romans, around 600 AD. Some opioid manufacturers have developed “abuse deterrents” in an effort to reduce misuse of their product. Which answer below is one way that the text says they are doing to accomplish this? it cannot be crushed to be snorted it cannot catch fire to be smoked it cannot be dissolved in water and injected all the above Which answer below is NOT one of the main growing and production areas of heroin by the late 20th century? Southeast Asia South America Southwest Asia Mexico Although pain relief is now the major medical use for opioids, they have been used to save many lives (especially in underdeveloped countries) because of their ability to decrease violent behavior. lower blood pressure. counteract diarrhea. decrease bleeding. are drugs that are used to block the actions of the opioid being abused. Antagonists Agonists Enkephalins Analgesics Which answer is NOT one of the political reasons that contributed to the wide-spread use of morphine for medicinal purposes? Sino-Russian War American Civil War Franco-Prussian War Prussian-Austrian War For the heroin user, the text gives several misconceptions about its use. Which choice below is NOT one of those misconceptions? after one shot of heroin, you are hooked. the heroin user undergoing withdrawal is in intense pain and suffering no other substance has such intense “loyalty” among its abusers injecting heroin/morphine induces in everyone an intense pleasure unequaled by any other experience Opioid overdose can be diagnosed on the basis of these three sets of signs: excruciating pain. lethargy, and deep skin flushing coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils hyperactivity, uncontrolled sexual activity, and nausea all the above p. 305 Naloxone, nalorphine, and naltrexone are examples of NSAIDs. opioid antagonists. prescription opioids that are being misused and abused at increasing rates. fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos. The most potent of the psychedelics, and the one that brought these types of drugs into the public eye in the 1960s, is: Sensemilla Benzodiazepene d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Serotonin Which method of ingesting renders DMT to be normally ineffective when tried? smoked snuffed eaten injected Which one of the following is NOT one of the group of synthetic hallucinogens chemically- related to amphetamines? PCP MDMA DOM Ecstasy p. 324 Using continues to be an important religious practice among certain Native American tribes of the United States. ganja peyote tequila Ayahuasca The primary active agent in most psychedelic mushrooms is called: THC dextroamphetamine psilocybin NIMH Which answer below was thought to be a potential treatment for therapeutic uses of LSD with clients? dream work terminal cancer patients alcohol dependence all the above An interesting phenomenon reported by LSD users in which "sounds might appear as visual images" is called: synesthesia rhythmaticism sensitization none of the above A potential line of research investigates the ability of ketamine to treat disorders. schizophrenic major depressive anxiety sleep Which answer below is a possible negative side-effect of ingesting MDMA? increase in blood pressure, pulse, and body tempeerature damage to brain cells destruction of serotonin neurons all the above Gordon Wasson wrote that the most common way to ingest “magic mushrooms” was by . smoking them eating them injecting them placing them on the skin PCP has also been known as: hillbilly heroin solanaceae angel dust Belladonna