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Summary NUR 2063 Exam 2 Blueprint Fall 2020(LATEST VERSION)

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Summary NUR 2063 Exam 2 Blueprint Fall 2020(LATEST VERSION)-• Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing o Causes Nero disease: Parkinson’s, dementias, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s, ALS, MN, Guillain Barre Syndrome. Other: Congenital issues/cerebral palsy, Esophageal stenosis, esophageal diverticula, tumors, stroke, achalasia • Vomiting – why and consequences Why: protect against substance, reverse peristalsis, increase intracranial pressure, severe pain. Consequences: lead to fluid, electrolyte, pH imbalance, aspiration o Emesis types and why the emesis would be a problem Hematemesis: blood in vomit (protein), Yellow/green: presence of bile. Deep brown: fecal matter. Undigested food o Treatment of vomiting disorders Antiemetic med., fluid replacement, correct electrolyte imbalance, restore acid-base • Esophageal disorders o Hiatal hernia Stomach section protrudes through diaphragm ▪ Causes: Weakening of diaphragm muscle, trauma, congenital defects. ▪ Manifestation: Indigestion; heartburn; frequent belching; nausea; chest pain; strictures; dysphagia; and soft abdominal mass ▪ diagnosis: H & P; barium swallow; upper GI Xrays; EGD , ▪ treatment: eat small meals, sleep elevated, antacid o GERD ▪ Causes: Certain foods: chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, peppermint ▪ Alcohol consumption; nicotine ▪ Hiatal hernia ▪ Obesity; pregnancy ▪ Certain medications – such as corticosteroids; beta blockers; calcium-channel blockers; anticholinergics ▪ NG intubation ▪ Delayed gastric emptying ▪ Manifestations: Heartburn, Epigastric pain, Dysphagia, Dry cough, Laryngitis Pharyngitis, Food regurgitation, Sensation of lump in throat ▪ Diagnosis: H & P; barium swallow; EGD; esophageal pH monitoring ▪ Treatments: Avoid triggers; avoid restrictive clothing ▪ Eat small frequent meals; high Fowler’s positioning, Weight loss; stress reduction; Antacids; acid reducing agent; mucosal barrier agents, Herbal therapies (licorice, chamomile), Surgery ▪ Complications: Esophagitis; strictures; ulcerations; esophageal cancer; chronic pulmonary disease o Gastritis/gastroenteritis ▪ Acute: Can be mild, transient irritation or can be severe ulceration with hemorrhage ▪ Usually develops suddenly ▪ Likely to also have nausea & epigastric pain ▪ Chronic: Develops gradually ▪ May be asymptomatic but usually accompanied by dull epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake

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