Ethics 100/Ethics_Milestone2 Test _Latest
1. Which of the following statements supports egoism?
A society is more just if it distributes rewards to everyone equally.
Self-determined ethics are more successful than e
...
Ethics 100/Ethics_Milestone2 Test _Latest
1. Which of the following statements supports egoism?
A society is more just if it distributes rewards to everyone equally.
Self-determined ethics are more successful than ethics dictated by others.
Working to meet the demands of the larger society can lead to prosperity. All actions should be aimed at the greater good of society.
2. After moving to a new city, Rachel continues to support her hometown's baseball team. A friend tells her she has to support her new city's team, but Rachel points out that God hasn't said anything on the matter. In Rachel's view, her action is according to divine command theory.
neutral
obligatory impermissible supererogatory
3. Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism?
Because good is determined by self-interest, the egoist cannot judge the actions of others.
Individuals pursuing personal excellence often help a society to progress.
Socially determined actions are usually more successful than self-determined actions. Cooperating with others is a social skill that egoists do not have an opportunity to learn.
4. Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory?
God says to support the poor, so there are a lot of religious charities.
God commands people to be generous, so I give 10% of my paycheck to an organization that helps at-risk youth in my community.
God forbids wearing mixed fibers, but most people aren't concerned with what their clothes are made of.
God says to love him above all else, a fact of which my mother often reminds me.
CONCEPT
Applying Divine Command Theory
5. Which of the following scenarios would be impermissible for an egoist? Krysta has some time to kill, so she sits in the mall and watches people go by. Kevin works late, even though he doesn't get paid and has nothing to gain from it.
Keith gives up the comfort of home to realize his dream of playing in the NBA.
Katie picks up litter on the street because she wants to live in a clean neighborhood.
6.
Mai has moved to the United States from Myanmar. She does not know how to drive and is frightened by the freeways and traffic congestion. Her husband insists that she learn to drive because they live in a suburb with no public transportation.
“No,” says Mai firmly. “I am 38 years old and I have always been able to reach my destination without driving a car.”
According to conventionalism, who has the stronger ethical stance— Mai or her husband?
Her husband, because he cannot transport Mai everywhere she needs to go. Her husband, because driving is a societal norm in the United States.
Mai, because she does not want to learn to drive.
Mai, because driving is not valued in her society like it is in the United States.
7. According to an egoist, working hard to succeed in order to take care of oneself and one’s needs is good because .
individual flourishing is the sole basis for ethics
hard work is valued by all
it sets a positive example for others societal standards demand it
8. Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument?
No two cultures have the same ethical framework. Morality is objective, so there are universal ethical truths.
Even if two cultures disagree, there can still be a right answer.
Some cultures are descended from common ancestors.
9. Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism?
Karin is looking for an ethical framework that has a basis outside of humanity. Keith is looking for an ethical framework that focuses on his own character.
Kayden is looking for an ethical framework that says, "Right is right, even if nobody is right." Kelly is looking for an ethical framework that respects diverse traditions.
10. Why is egoism considered a relativist theory of ethics? Because it maintains that humans are not inherently selfish. Because right and wrong are subject to the individual agent.
Because it maintains that what is good applies to everyone equally. Because it maintains that there are universal truths most people agree on.
11. Which of the following represents a challenge to the voluntarist option of divine command theory?
God's commands are not meant for everyone. God's commands can anticipate any situation. God has no free choice and is thus just an agent. God's commands have no basis in reason.
12. Which of the following statements would you expect to hear from a conventionalist? "Conventionalism is rooted in the idea that all cultures strive toward the same good." "Conventionalists profess belief in objective morality."
"Conventionalism is a loose term that applies to many individual theories." "Conventionalism provides a framework for comparing diverse cultures."
13. Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory?
Divine command theory aims to satisfy personal needs.
Divine command theory is often associated with motivations for being moral.
Divine command theory is about personal development. Divine command theory prioritizes intent over outcome.
14. Erika, like most people in her culture, grows flowers in her yard. What would a conventionalist call Erika's action?
Obligatory
Impermissible Neutral Supererogatory
15. Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true?
Divine command theory states that God's commands are universal ethical truths.
Divine command theory states that if God says nothing about an action, that action is forbidden. Divine command theory states that the intention justifies the action.
Divine command theory is just another name for religion.
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