NURSING > EXAM > PATHO 370-Test 1- with verified answers-2 versions-2022 (All)

PATHO 370-Test 1- with verified answers-2 versions-2022

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• Question 1 0.125 out of 0.125 points All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except Selected Answer: c. aldosterone. Correct Answer: c. aldosterone. Response Feedback: Aldosterone results in water and sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine. It does not affect blood glucose. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, thus increasing blood glucose. Norepinephrine inhibits insulin secretion, thus increasing blood sugar. Epinephrine increases glucose release from the liver and inhibits insulin secretion, thus increasing blood glucose. • Question 2 0 out of 0.125 points The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is Selected Answer: c. Rb. Correct Answer: b. P53. Response Feedback: The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells involves P53. More than half of all types of human tumors lack functional P53, which inhibits cell cycling. Rb, DC, and APC are not the most common tumor-suppressor gene defects identified in cancer cells. • Question 3 0.125 out of 0.125 points Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces necrosis. Selected Answer: d. liquefactive Correct Answer: d. liquefactive Response Feedback: Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in enzymes and has little connective tissue. Coagulative necrosis occurs from ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose (fat) tissue. • Question 4 0.125 out of 0.125 points Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is Selected Answer: b. cigarette smoking. Correct Answer: b. cigarette smoking. Response Feedback: The most likely contributing factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have known genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators. Tobacco smoke also contains promoters, which spur the mutant cells to proliferate. Although a high-fat diet, urban pollutants, and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated in some types of cancer, they are not the likely contributing factor in your patient’s lung cancer. CONTINUED....

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