Pass the Big ABA Exam Section 7 Terms
Data Correct Answer: Medium with which the behavior analyst works. The results of the measurement.
Graphs Correct Answer: Visual format for displaying data. This reveals rela
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Pass the Big ABA Exam Section 7 Terms
Data Correct Answer: Medium with which the behavior analyst works. The results of the measurement.
Graphs Correct Answer: Visual format for displaying data. This reveals relations among & between a series of measurements & relevant variables. This also helps people make sense of quantitative information. This can help the behavior analyst organize, store, interpret, & communicate the results of our work.
3 Purposes of Graphs Correct Answer: Communicate, Assess and Shows the relationship between the DV & IV.
5 Types of ABA Graphs Correct Answer: Line, Bar, Cumulative Record, Scatter Plot, & Semilogarithmic Chart
Equal-Interval Graphs Correct Answer: Graphs in which the distance between any 2 consecutive points on Both the X-Axis & Y-Axis is always the same. All intervals are the same size. Examples of these graphs include line graphs, bar graphs, cumulative records, and scatter plots.
Line Graph Correct Answer: AKA: Frequency Polygon. This is the most common graph in ABA. This graph is based on the Cartesian Plane. Used a balanced ratio between the height & width of the axes. The Y-Axis should be shorter than the X-Axis. Each point on this graph shows the level of some quantifiable dimension of the DV in relation to the IV in effect when the data was recorded. Comparing data points lets us examine level, trend, & variability. Use this graph when you want your data to effectively communicate the following relevant quantitative relations. Example: Number of hits over time.
7 Parts of the Line Graph Correct Answer: Horizontal Axis, Vertical Axis, Condition Change Lines, Condition Labels, Data Points, Data Path & Figure Caption.
Horizontal Axis Correct Answer: AKA: Abscissa. This part of the line graph represents passage of time & presence, absence, or value of the IV. Left to right passing of time in equal intervals.
Tic Marks Correct Answer: These are place on the horizontal axis with equal spacing between them.
Scale Break Correct Answer: Marks that look like ~ or // are used to represent discontinuities in time (i.e., data was not taken due to some reason, such as summer vacation).
Vertical Axis Correct Answer: AKA: Ordinate. This part of the line graph represents the full range of values or the DV (i.e., the quantifiable aspect of the target behavior. On an equal interval graph, the scaling of this axis is really important to see changes in the level, trend, & variability in the data.
Origin Correct Answer: This is the intersection of the horizontal & vertical axis. This usually represents the zero value of the DV. This should be marked at zero.
Condition Change Lines Correct Answer: These are vertical lines drawn upward from the x-axis to show points in time at which changes in the IV occurred. Solid Lines=Major Changes. Dashed Lines=Minor Changes.
Condition Labels Correct Answer: A label, written at the top & parallel to the x-axis, that describes experimental conditions in effect during each phase of research.
Data Points Correct Answer: These have 2 meanings: (1)A quantifiable measure of the target behavior recorded during a given observation period. (2)The time &/or experimental conditions under which that particular measurement was conducted.
If there is more than 1 set of data on the graph, different symbols are used to show this.
Data Path Correct Answer: Connects successive data points with a straight line. Illustrates level & trend of behavior between 2 consecutive data points. This should be used to interpret graphs.
Figure Caption Correct Answer: Concise statement that provides information to identify the IV & DV. Also explains symbols used & unplanned events. This is printed below a graph.
Bar Graphs Correct Answer: This graph is based on the cartesian plane, similar to the line graph. There are no distinct data points representing successive response measures through time. Does not allow for analysis of variability & trend in behavior. This is best used when you want to display separate sets of data the are not related to one another. This is also good when summarizing the performance within a condition or a group of individuals. Example: A teacher plots the number of books read per student during summer break.
Cumulative Record Correct Answer: This was developed by Skinner to record data in EAB research in 1957. This enables a subject to draw his/her own graph. This got its name because you keep adding on responses during each observation period to the total number of all previously recorded responses. The y-axis value represents the total number of response recorded since the very start of data collection. This is generally used for rate/frequency data. Example: The number of miles you ran in the month or number of dollars you saved over last month.
Cumulative Record Response Rates Correct Answer: In this type of recording, the steeper the slope, the higher the higher the response rate.
Overall Response Rate Correct Answer: An average rate of response over a given time period, such as during a specific session or phase in a study. This is calculates by dividing the total # of responses recorded during the period by the # of observation periods indicated on the x-axis.
Local Response Rate Correct Answer: An average rate of response during period of time smaller than that for which an overall response rate has been give. This is calculates by dividing the total # of responses recorded during the period by the # of observation periods indicated on the x-axis. The only difference is that this only using a small portion of the data on the graph.
2 Types of Response Rates Calculated From Cumulative Records Correct Answer: Overall Response Rate & Local Response Rate
Standard Celeration Chart Correct Answer: This is a type of semilogarithmic chart. Ogden Lindsley created it to be used in an ABA educational methodology called Precision Teaching. Mostly academic & social behaviors are charted. The purpose is to provide a standardized means of charting & analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time. Students self-monitor their progress by recording data that makes a graph that displays the number of items (e.g., word read, problems solved, etc.) they performed correctly & the number of errors they made within fixed periods of time (e.g., 1-minute timings) distributed across the day or the week.
Goal of Semilogarithmic Charts Correct Answer: The goal is to increase the number of correct answers & decrease the number wrong within the set time. This allows data to be squeezed into progressively tighter & tighter bundles.
Scatterplot Correct Answer: This graph shows relative distribution of individual measures in a data set. Data points are unconnected. This depicts changes in value on one axis correlated with changes in value on the other axis. One variable (usually the time of day) is plotted on the y-axis & a second variable (usually days) is plotted on the x-axis. This is great to use to see temporal distribution (i.e., Time) of the behavior.
Base Decision-Making on Data Displayed in Various Formats Correct Answer: Make sure you choose the method that demonstrates the most ethical & valid representation of the target behavior. Do not chose a method that skews the target behavior.
3 Fundamental Properties of Behavior Change Correct Answer: Level, Trend, & Variability
Level Correct Answer: This is a fundamental property of behavior change. The value is on the vertical axis around which a series of data measures converge. A change in this is illustrated when the data's average value changes. This is determined by looking at your data's mean, median, &/or range (e.g., the number of behavior incidents ranged from 2-10 within 8 days data was collected).
Mean Level Line Correct Answer: This is a horizontal line drawn through the data points on the vertical axis equaling the average or mean value of the data.
Median Level Line Correct Answer: This is a horizontal line drawn through the data points on the vertical axis that shows the most typical performance within a condition. This is better than the mean level line when your data has extreme outliers, either high or low.
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