Medical Studies > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > ATI TEAS: Science Section questions and answers latest 2022 (All)

ATI TEAS: Science Section questions and answers latest 2022

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Chromosomes - ANSWER highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA - ANSWER genetic material that stores information about the plant or animal Chromatin - ANSWER consists of DNA and protein that make up chromosomes Nucleus (nuclei) - ANSWER small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulates the DNA of a cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells. Responsible for the passing of genetic traits. Contains a nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, ribosomes. Nucleolus - ANSWER structure contained within the nucleus and consists of protein. Small, round, no membrane, involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and stores RNA (ribonucleic acid) Nuclear envelope - ANSWER encloses the structures of the nucleus, consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids Nuclear pores - ANSWER involved in the exchange of material between the nucleus and the cytoplasm Nucleoplasm - ANSWER the liquid within the nucleus, similar to cytoplasm Ribosomes - ANSWER involved in synthesizing proteins from amino acids. Make up about one quarter of the cell. Some cells contain thousands, some are mobile and some are embedded in the rough ER Golgi Complex (apparatus) - ANSWER involved in synthesizing materials such as proteins that are transported out of the cell. Located near the nucleus and consists of layers of membranes Vacuoles - ANSWER sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. There is one large one of these in plant cells. Animal cells have small and numerous of these also. Vesicle - ANSWER small organelle within a cell. Has a membrane and performs varying functions, including movement of materials within a cell Cytoskeleton - ANSWER consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell Microtubules - ANSWER part of the cytoskeleton and help support the cell, and made up of protein Cytosol - ANSWER the liquid material in the cell. It is mostly water, but also contains some floating molecules Cytoplasm - ANSWER the general term that refers to a cytosol and substructure (organelles) found within the plasma membrane, but not within the nucleus Cell membrane (plasma membrane) - ANSWER this defines the cell by acting as a barrier. Helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell out. Determines what is allowed to enter and exit the cell Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER two types rough (has ribosomes on it) and smooth. Tubular network that comprises the transport system of a cell. Fused to the nuclear membrane and extends through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane Mitochondrion (mitochondria) - ANSWER some cells have one, others have thousands. Performs various functions such as generating ATP, involved in cell growth and death. Contain their own DNA that is separate from that contained in the nucleus Centrosome - ANSWER comprised of the pair of centrioles located at right angles to each other and surrounded by protein. Involved in mitosis and the cell cycle Centriole - ANSWER cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are involved in cellular division. Each cylinder consists of nine groups of three microtubules. Occurs in pairs Lysosomes - ANSWER digests pr

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