Pyrimidine - ANSWER One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purine - ANSWER Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
What is th
...
Pyrimidine - ANSWER One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purine - ANSWER Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
What is the function of mRNA? - ANSWER Carries genetic info out of nucleus
Transcript translated to protein
What is the function of tRNA? - ANSWER Carries aa to ribosome
Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
What is the function of rRNA? - ANSWER part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback inhibition - ANSWER Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
Exonucleases - ANSWER Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
Endonucleases (Prok) - ANSWER Restriction enzymes
Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
Types I-V
ORI sites - ANSWER nt sequence where replication is initiated
Topoisomerase I - ANSWER Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis
topoisomerase II - ANSWER cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - ANSWER Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs
Helicase - ANSWER Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
Primase - ANSWER DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ANSWER Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination
Okazaki fragments - ANSWER Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template
Ligase - ANSWER Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
What are the steps in DNA replication? - ANSWER 1. Initiate
2. Elongate
3. Terminate
Telomeres - ANSWER Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation
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