Microbiology Midterm Study Guide
Covers Chapters 1-13 /Week 1 (Chapters 1-3)
1. Pasteur - Final disproof spontaneous generation
2. Hook- Saw first microbes
3. Lister -Aseptic techniques during surgery
4. Semmelweis
...
Microbiology Midterm Study Guide
Covers Chapters 1-13 /Week 1 (Chapters 1-3)
1. Pasteur - Final disproof spontaneous generation
2. Hook- Saw first microbes
3. Lister -Aseptic techniques during surgery
4. Semmelweis - Dr. had to wash hands in maternity ward
5. Schultze & Schwann- Chemical treatment of air stops ability to produce life
6. Koch - Developed postulates for disease microbe connection
7. Redi - Maggot-meat experiment
8. Leeuwenhoek - Made first microscope
Fundamental of cells:
Unicellular (Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, some fungi) and multicellular organisms (animals and plants)
All cells (prokaryotes + eukaryotes) have in common:
Cell membrane
DNA that holds genetic information
Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes are more complex with DNA enclosed in nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
Bacterial shapes:
Cocci Rods. Vibrio Spirillum
Spirochete Branching Filaments
1
Microbiology Midterm Study Guide
The 5 Is:
Inoculation - Purposely moving something from 1 place to another. starts with specimen collection;
lesion, draw blood, bird droppings, etc.
- introducing a tiny sample into a medium to provide an env't where they multiply.
Incubation - To hear bacteria to make it grow (usually body temp). maintaining something at the most
favorable temperature for its development. 20 deg C & 40 deg. C02 may be required.
- promotes multiplication of microbes over period of hours.
- produces a culture
Isolation - Separate from each other
separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, spreading bacteria apart as far
as possible.
- isolated microbes takes the form of separate colonies on solid media or turbidity (free floating cells) on
broth.
Inspection - Doing tests on the bug
appearance, cells, colony (red? shape, gram stain, sugar, etc.).
Identification - determine type of microbe
- specialized tests; biochemical test to determine metabolic activities specific to microbes
- immunologic tests, genetic analysis.
Microscopy Basics/ Types of microscopes:
1. Bright field microscope - Most widely used microscope
image is darker than illuminated field
made by putting light through specimen
2. Dark field microscope- similar to bright field
image is lighter than illuminated field
bright field microscope is changed to dark field microscope by adding a condenser to the light
3. Phase contrast microscope- used with live specimen
produces image with specimen against gray background
can see internal cells
4. Differential interreference microscope- produces colorful 3D image
2 prisms which add contrasting colors to image
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