HISTORY 101US History 2 milestone 2. Q&A Plus Concepts

21 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Consider the case of the Scottsboro Boys, who were arrested in 1931. What does this incident suggest about the state of racial relations ...

21 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Consider the case of the Scottsboro Boys, who were arrested in 1931. What does this incident suggest about the state of racial relations during the Great Depression? • Blacks were not as adversely affected as whites by the Great Depression. • Racial bias remained ingrained within society and the justice system. • African Americans were turning to the courts to enforce civil rights. • Racial divides eased somewhat as every citizen was affected by the poor economy. RATIONALE Everyday Americans endured the Great Depression in a variety of ways, depending on their race, gender, region or class, among others. The case of the Scottsboro Boys, who were convicted and sentenced to death within two weeks of being falsely accused of raping two white women on a train, revealed the racial injustice still engrained within the southern court system. Like whites, African Americans endured economic hardship during the Great Depression, but they also continued to endure racism and inequality. CONCEPT Enduring the Great Depression 2 What was one purpose of the Civil Works Administration, which was a part of Franklin Roosevelt’s First New Deal? • To stabilize crop prices, the government paid farmers to maintain production quotas. • To provide jobs for the unemployed, workers were hired to construct public projects. • To provide a permanent solution to the exploitation of workers, this required industries to adhere to a minimum wage. • To expand the capacity of the Federal Reserve, this allowed the reopening of banks under federal supervision. RATIONALE The Civil Works Administration was a public program that reduced unemployment by hiring workers to repair bridges, build roads and airports and complete other public works projects. CONCEPT Roosevelt's New Deal 3 Many historians have argued that the New Deal permanently changed the U.S. Which of the following is a long-term effect of the New Deal identified by historians? • Many more Americans were employed, but wages remained unfairly low. • The government assumed greater responsibility for the security of the people. • Elderly Americans lost faith in a government that did not consider their needs. • The lifting of burdensome regulations made it easier for businesses and corporations to profit. CONCEPT Interpreting the New Deal as an Historian 4 Progressives pushed for democratic reforms in party politics, which included allowing party members, rather than delegates, to nominate candidates for office. What is the term for this reform? • The recall system • The direct primary system • The commission system • The initiative system CONCEPT Grass Roots Progressivism 5 President Franklin Roosevelt oversaw both a First New Deal and a Second New Deal to curb the Great Depression. Choose the action that was part of his First New Deal. • The Works Progress Administration provided jobs for more than eight million unemployed workers over an eight-year span. • The National Labor Relations Act reformed labor relations by protecting American workers’ right to unionize and bargain collectively for wages and benefits. • To put Americans back to work quickly, the Public Works Administration contracted with private companies to build highways, bridges and military bases. • The Social Security Act established a permanent safety net to help the most vulnerable Americans, including the elderly, the disabled and single parents. CONCEPT Roosevelt's New Deal 6 Which statement best represents Henry Cabot Lodge's position on American involvement in the proposed League of Nations? • "I am angry that my colleagues across the aisle aren't open to negotiating." • “I urge that sanctions against aggressor nations be included in the League of Nations platform.” • “I offer 14 reservations I have about the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.” • “The U.S. must join the League of Nations, and I will appeal to the American people for public support.” CONCEPT Woodrow Wilson's Vision: America and the League of Nations 7 During the 1920s, W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey were early proponents of an ideology known as Pan-Africanism. What was a key way in which Garvey's beliefs differed from that of Du Bois? • Garvey celebrated African American culture and encouraged racial pride. • Garvey rejected the notion that African Americans had a distinct racial identity. • Garvey was frustrated over the racism he witnessed and experienced in the United States. • Garvey believed that black and white Americans were incapable of working together to overcome racism. RATIONALE Garvey and Du Bois shared a number of beliefs associated with PanAfricanism. However, Garvey was less optimistic about the possibility that African American communities could overcome racism and injustice in America. He was skeptical of cooperation with white Americans and, as a result, promoted a “Back to Africa” movement to return African Americans to a presumably more welcoming home in Africa. CONCEPT The Harlem Renaissance 8 The cartoon above was printed in 1907 in the Washington Evening Star. Uncle Sam offers a baseball bat called "National Big Stick" to a player in a Nationals uniform, a reference to President Theodore Roosevelt's big stick diplomacy. Roosevelt had recently offered the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, an example of his big stick approach, in 1904. He was also continuing work in the Panama Canal in 1906. Teddy bear, a reference to Roosevelt, assures the player that "it's a victory getter, all right!" How does this cartoon depict the state of American foreign policy in the early 1900s? • The American government was tiring of efforts to influence international events and was looking to scale back its military, in a sense retiring its "National Big Stick." • The American government was taking an aggressive foreign policy stance backed by military power, which is represented by the "National Big Stick." • The American people did not care for international affairs and wanted to focus their attention on baseball, the favorite national sport. • The American people were attempting to influence foreign policy through diplomatic channels by promoting sports competitions between nations, referred to as the "National Big Stick." CONCEPT The Origins of American Imperialism 9 Select a factor that shifted American foreign policy toward imperialism in the 1890s. • Navy officials supported the acquisition of Pacific islands to establish bases and coaling stations. • American businessmen reduced their investments in mining and railroad ventures in Mexico. • The U.S. government hoped to attract more immigrants to boost the American population. • Major European nations were beginning the process of decolonization. CONCEPT The Origins of American Imperialism 10 Choose the statement that describes a cause of the War of 1898. • Spain positioned battleships between Cuba and the United States and threatened war. • Yellow journalism inflamed American nationalism with sensational reporting on events in Cuba. • Some Americans saw the Cuban conflict as a dangerous risk for the weak U.S. military. • Uprisings in Cuba over Spanish control were encouraged by businessmen who had investments there. CONCEPT The Creation of an American Empire 11 Although many young Americans in urban areas were associated with the "new generation" during the 1920s, the decade also witnessed the rise of the Lost Generation. Which of the following describes an aspect of the “Lost Generation?” • Many joined the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist groups to fight against radical ideologies and immigrants. • Authors created characters who had to display resilience amid constant struggle and failure. • They turned to religion to provide stability and order to an otherwise turbulent decade. • An economic downturn saddled them with burdensome debt that prevented their full participation in the "American Dream." CONCEPT The Roaring 20's: A Nervous Generation 12 Choose the true statement about Progressives or the Progressive Era. • The Progressive Era represented the apex of racial equality in America. • Progressives pushed for the nomination of candidates through a direct vote by party members. • The Progressive Era marked the emergence of modern conservatism in the country. • Progressives had lofty goals for political, social and economic reform, but realized little actual policy change. CONCEPT Grass Roots Progressivism 13 Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” had three main components, one of which was consumer protections. What else was included in his plan? • Regulation of corporations • Federal food program • Education reform • Civil rights CONCEPT Theodore Roosevelt 14 President Wilson’s stance on American neutrality in World War I changed between 1914 and 1917. Which event occurred most proximate to Wilson's request to Congress to declare war? • Britain suffered massive causalities in the Battle of the Somme. • Germany launched attacks on military and merchant ships around Great Britain. • Germany broke its promise to restrict its use of submarine warfare and sank the Laconia. • The value of American exports to the Allied powers reached $3 billion. RATIONALE In February 1917, two months before the U.S. entered the war, Germany broke its promise to limit submarine warfare, sinking five American merchant ships. This, along with the discover of the Zimmermann Telegram, prompted Wilson to request a declaration of war from Congress. CONCEPT Woodrow Wilson's Dilemma: American Neutrality and the First World War 15 Which of the following contributed to the Democratic Party becoming the party of the welfare state after the New Deal? • The Democratic Party opposed the expansion of the federal government during and after the New Deal. • President Franklin Roosevelt proposed taxing the richest in order to fund direct payments to the poor. • Under Roosevelt's leadership, Congress established a federal health insurance program for poor Americans. • American workers’ rights to organize and bargain collectively were protected by the government. CONCEPT Challenges to the New Deal 16 Read the sentence from a Chicago newspaper account of a race riot during the Red Summer. Some of the victims were chased, caught and dragged into alleys and lots, where they were left for dead. In all parts of the city, white mobs dragged from surface cars, black passengers wholly ignorant of any trouble, and set upon them. The writer of this account was most likely sympathetic to which group? • Chicago's white population • Chicago's police • Chicago's black population • Chicago's working class RATIONALE This article describes a race riot that occurred in Chicago in the summer of 1919 when a white mob stoned a young black boy to death because he swam too close to the “white beach” on Lake Michigan. The Chicago Defender, from which this excerpt comes, was the city’s leading African American newspaper. The language describing "white mobs" attacking "black passengers wholly ignorant of any trouble," who were "chased, caught and dragged into alleys and lots, where they were left for dead," suggests that the author is sympathetic to Chicago's black population. CONCEPT The Significance of 1919 17 When the United States entered World War I, suffragists saw the opportunity to enact a women's suffrage amendment. What was one of their main reasons for optimism? • Women took over a number of Congressional seats from their husbands who went abroad to fight. • Wilson's attention was focused on the war, so Congress was less concerned about his opposition to suffrage. • They found it hypocritical to fight a war to defend freedom and democracy abroad and deny the vote to women at home. • Women were required to register for potential military service under the Selective Service Act. CONCEPT Progressivism and the First World War 18 Which of the statements reflects President Herbert Hoover’s response to the Great Depression? • "The American tradition of rugged individualism can't possibly see the nation and its people through this challenging time." • “Rather than being paralyzed by fear, we must act now to resolve the banking crisis and other problems associated with the Great Depression.” • "The federal government must step in to provide direct assistance to Americans until this crisis fades." • “I oppose the Federal Emergency Relief Act because it interferes with the balance of power between states and the federal government.” CONCEPT Federal Responses to the Great Depression 19 The Red Scare was a period following World War I in which Americans suppressed radical dissent. Which event is considered a cause of the Red Scare? • A Republican President, Warren G. Harding, was elected in a landslide victory. • Race riots revealed that white Americans were willing to use violence and intimidation to maintain positions of supremacy in northern cities. • Laborers who had originally agreed not to strike in support of the war effort participated in nearly 3,000 strikes in 1919. • The "Palmer Raids" arrested hundreds without warrants and deported Russians back to the Soviet Union. CONCEPT The Significance of 1919 20 Why did President Theodore Roosevelt use the power of his office to advance Progressive reform? • He believed the disabled and the poor had been neglected and needed governmental welfare. • He believed the country needed governmental solutions to the ills of industrialization and corruption. • He believed the moral and social climate in the United States had deteriorated and required federal regulation. • He believed that monopolies and other business combinations were perfectly acceptable under capitalism. CONCEPT Theodore Roosevelt 21 Study the political cartoon published in Puck in 1899: All of the following are aspects of U.S. foreign policy during the Progressive Era represented in this political cartoon EXCEPT __________. • unilaterialism • imperialism • white superiority • dollar diplomacy CONCEPT American Foreign Policy in the Progressive Era 22 Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression? • Consumerism outpaced supply and businesses had insufficient sources for their raw materials, causing prices to skyrocket. • Immigrants had arrived in large numbers during the previous decade and taken many low-paying jobs, leaving many Americans unemployed. • Investors and the general public withdrew their money from banks. The more they withdrew, the closer the banks came to collapse. • A rapid rise in population due to a higher birthrate led to a demand for jobs and housing that were just not available. CONCEPT The Beginnings of the Great Depression 23 Youth in urban areas during the Roaring ’20s adopted a new morality. What was one of the features of this new morality? • A concern for natural conservation • A challenge to traditional gender roles • A reinvigorated interest in hard work and responsibility • A rejection of consumer culture CONCEPT The Roaring 20's: A New Generation 24 Which statement is most likely to have been spoken by W.E.B. Du Bois, reflecting his approach to black equality in the Progressive Era? • "We must seek to build trust with our white neighbors in the South." • “I call for immediate and uncompromising activism for African American civil rights in order to achieve social progress.” • "The best path forward is to provide for our economic welfare by excelling in agriculture, domestic service and other trades." • “The burden of change is upon us, the African American community; we are responsible for our own success.” RATIONALE CONCEPT What it Means to be a Progressive