HISTORY 101US History 2 milestone 4. Q&A Plus Concepts

1 Read the excerpt from an address to Congress made by President George W. Bush articulating the Bush Doctrine in 2001: "Our response involves far more than instant retaliation and isolated strikes. Americans should ...

1 Read the excerpt from an address to Congress made by President George W. Bush articulating the Bush Doctrine in 2001: "Our response involves far more than instant retaliation and isolated strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign unlike any other we have ever seen. . . We will starve terrorists of funding, turn them one against another, drive them from place to place until there is no refuge or no rest. And we will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists. From this day forward, any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime." Which organization was President Bush most likely referring to when using the word "terrorists?" • Saddam Hussein • Hezbollah • ISIS • Al-Qaeda CONCEPT 9/11 and the War on Terror 2 Which event that led to the economic recession of 2008 happened first? • Mortgage interest rates increased, but workers’ wages remained flat. • Banks offered high risk, high-interest subprime mortgages to lowincome borrowers. • Repackaging risky investments swelled the housing market, leading to a “housing bubble.” • The partial repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act opened the door for the creation of “super banks.” CONCEPT The American Economy in the 21st Century 3 Choose the statement that describes a success of Operation Iraqi Freedom. • U.S. forces occupied Baghdad within one month. • Iraq assumed the task of rebuilding after the American invasion. • Members of al-Qaeda leadership were captured or killed. • Many al-Qaeda training camps were destroyed. CONCEPT 9/11 and the War on Terror 4 The growing influence of the New Right was evident by the end of the 1970s when Jerry Falwell formed a "pro-life, pro-family, pro-America" political organization. What was the name of that organization? • The neoconservatism movement • The Save Our Children organization • The Moral Majority • The Heritage Foundation CONCEPT The Rise of the New Right 5 Which action is an example of a U.S. foreign initiative that reflected the New World Order during the 1990s? • Ethnic cleansing in southeastern Europe gave member nations of NATO a new focus on protecting international human rights. • During the Iraq-Iran War, the United States was silent when Saddam Hussein employed chemical weapons on ethnic groups living in Iraq. • The United States continued to build its nuclear stockpile to deter other nations from challenging its dominance. • The United States shifted the focus of its foreign policy back to Latin and South America. CONCEPT A New World Order 6 Choose the true statement about the effects of the 1990s economy in America. • The federal government had to borrow less money as the federal deficit shrank. • Taxes were reduced for all Americans, whether wealthy or poor. • Free trade agreements increased the prices of consumer goods. • The unemployment rate reached a 30-year high. CONCEPT Globalization and the American Economy 7 Name an intended effect of Reaganomics in the 1980s. • The number of unionized manufacturing jobs increased. • Economic growth resumed and disposable incomes increased. • New jobs were plentiful in the service industry. • Annual budget deficits and the national debt increased. RATIONALE “Reaganomics” is the name given to the Ronald Reagan administration’s economic policy, which rested heavily on supply-side (or "trickle-down”) economic theory. Reagan’s economic policy was to stimulate the economy by cutting taxes on wealthy individuals and corporations—which in theory would promote economic growth—and reducing spending on domestic social welfare programs. As intended, economic growth was achieved, and the cycle of stagflation was broken under Reagan. Manufacturing jobs actually decreased. While service industry jobs did increase, it was not an intended effect. Additionally, the annual budget deficits and the national debt also did increase, but that was also an unintended effect. CONCEPT Morning in America: Reaganomics 8 Which of the following was a consequence of Richard Nixon's policy of disengaging from the Vietnam War? • Protests over the Cambodia bombings led to the killing of two protesters at Jackson State College. • President Nixon announced his plans to bomb North Vietnamese supply routes in Cambodia to Congress. • South Vietnam was finally able to declare victory over North Vietnam. • The Pentagon Papers revealed that Nixon had negotiated with the Viet Cong. CONCEPT Peace with Honor? The US Withdraws from Vietnam 9 Choose the true statement about the American economy in the early 2000s. • Regulatory changes to the banking industry made it more difficult for Americans to obtain mortgages. • The majority of American households profited from investing in hightech and Internet companies. • Large corporations were accused and convicted of allegations of massive accounting fraud. • Cuts in federal spending led to a reduction in the national debt. CONCEPT The American Economy in the 21st Century 10 Read the excerpt from a speech President Ronald Reagan made in 1987 after Mikhail Gorbachev implemented glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union: "Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it?" In the excerpt, what does Reagan suggest? • The Soviet Union is responding to U.S. pressure. • The Soviet Union still can’t be trusted. • The Cold War is over. • The principles of democracy are spreading. RATIONALE Throughout his administration, Reagan rejected Détente and escalated the Cold War in order to confront the Soviet Union, bring about its collapse, and restore American influence abroad. Although tensions with the Soviet Union had eased somewhat between 1985 and 1987 following Gorbachev’s implementation of glasnost and perestroika, this excerpt reflects Reagan's continued mistrust of the Soviet Union. This is evident in the phrase “Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West...” CONCEPT The End of the Cold War 11 Which of the following made same-sex marriage legal in the United States? • Proposition 8 • Obergefell v. Hodges • Defense of Marriage Act • "Don't ask, don't tell" CONCEPT Major Social Issues in the Early 21st Century 12 Choose the true statement about the press’s role in uncovering the Watergate scandal. • An anonymous source in the FBI provided information that implicated President Richard Nixon's administration in the Watergate break-in. • Newspapers ignored the 1972 presidential election and de-escalation of the war in Vietnam to cover a break-in at the Watergate Hotel. • The Senate Watergate Committee held public hearings in which those accused of wrongdoing denied the accusations. • A federal district judge threatened harsh sentences unless witnesses came forward about what they knew. CONCEPT The Watergate Scandal 13 Young urban professionals (yuppies) were preoccupied with individual prosperity and consumerism during the 1980s. The values of the yuppies were most easily embraced by which of the following political groups? • Conservatives • Liberals • Evangelicals • Environmentalists CONCEPT Morning in America: The Culture Wars of the 1980s 14 The 1970s economy in the United States experienced a phenomenon known as “stagflation.” What are three indicators of stagflation? • Trade deficits, unstable employment and political unrest • Moderate economic growth, loss of manufacturing and high inflation • Deficit spending, trade wars and rising inflation • High inflation, slow economic growth and rising unemployment CONCEPT The 1970s 15 In 2011, revolts associated with the Arab Spring shook the Middle East. The protests in one country led to forceful responses by its president and eventually a civil war, which was still continuing in 2017. Select the map that accurately depicts in red the country in which this occurred. • RATIONALE The country that devolved into an ongoing civil war following the “Arab Spring” is Syria, which is located just south of Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea. CONCEPT America and the World in the 21st Century 16 Choose the true statement about the Johnson administration's Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. • American farmers were required to provide decent wages and decent housing for migrant workers. • It required all new immigrants to have family members already in the United States. • It banned immigrants from accessing publicly funded services like healthcare and education. • The new law placed an annual limit on immigrants from Latin American countries. CONCEPT 20th Century American Immigration 17 Which of the following was a consequence of government efforts to address violent crime and drug use in the 1980s and 1990s? • The Democratic Party rejected the punitive approach of the Reagan administration. • Rising use of crack cocaine generated violence between rival gangs. • Prisons provided a source of jobs and revenue for rural areas. • States adopted an approach to crime that emphasized treatment and rehabilitation over prison time. CONCEPT The Culture Wars Continue 18 Which of the following was an effect of busing during the 1970s? • “White flight” saw large numbers of families leaving cities and moving to the suburbs. • Resistance to integration was strongest in the South. • The Nixon administration publicly supported busing efforts after they successfully increased integration. • Public schools in all northern cities were successfully integrated. CONCEPT The 1970s 19 Which act authorized law enforcement to examine American citizens’ telephone conversations and emails without a warrant? • The Homeland Security Act • The USA PATRIOT Act • The Federal Emergency Management Act • The American Recovery Act RATIONALE The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism, or USA PATRIOT Act, was passed by Congress as a counterterrorism measure shortly after the 9/11 attacks and enabled law enforcement agencies to monitor citizens’ computers and phone conversations without a warrant. CONCEPT Seeking Security at Home in the 21st Century 20 A state wants to build a new highway with federal funds, but the proposed highway runs through a major wetlands area. Which policy requires the completion of an "environmental impact statement" before this federal project can be undertaken? • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • Energy Policy and Conservation Act • Environmental Protection Agency • National Environmental Policy Act CONCEPT Emergence of Environmentalism in the 1970s 21 Which of the following statements reveals a cause of political organizing by evangelical Christians during the 20th century? • "Fewer than half of all Americans in the 1950s identified as members of a religious faith." • "We believe that we need to defend Americans who are fighting for equal rights." • “We fear that consumerism will corrupt our children and destabilize American families.” • “Republicans in Congress are determined to reinforce separation of church and state statutes.” CONCEPT Religious Influence on the 20th Century Republican Party 22 Choose the statement that reflects a success for President Jimmy Carter's foreign policy. • He granted Iran’s shah entry to the United States for medical treatment. • He authorized American aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan. • He oversaw the drafting of a historic peace treaty that marked the recognition of Israel by an Arab nation. • He negotiated for the release of American hostages at the embassy in Tehran. RATIONALE President Carter's greatest foreign policy success was his overseeing the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978. The accords marked the first time that an Arab nation (Egypt) formally recognized Israel and contributed to the drafting of a historic peace treaty between the two nations one year later. CONCEPT From Détente to the Carter Doctrine 23 How did president Ronald Reagan escalate the Cold War? • He accused the Soviets of bombing a Marines barracks in Lebanon that killed 200 soldiers. • He opposed the Strategic Defense Initiative as an outdated method to stop Soviet aggression. • He met with Mikhail Gorbachev to discuss arms reductions and lower military budgets. • He engaged in anti-communist interventions in Grenada and Nicaragua. RATIONALE President Reagan escalated the Cold War through a resurgence of weapons development and military spending (exemplified by the Strategic Defense Initiative) and through renewed American involvement in anti-communist interventions abroad, such as those in Grenada and Nicaragua. CONCEPT The End of the Cold War 24 Consider this image from 1991 that depicts immigrant workers in a New York City garment shop. Source: Andrea Ades Vásquez, American Social History Project. This image reflects what trend in immigration in the late 20th century? • Immigrants to the United States obtained jobs that paid less than what they earned in their home countries. • The immigrants to the United States increasingly were Asian. • The United States entered a period of immigration restriction after decades of more relaxed immigration policies. • Immigrant workers began to occupy low-wage occupations in the United States by the late 20th century. RATIONALE This photograph depicts a primarily female, immigrant workforce employed in a New York City garment shop. The photo reflect the rise of Asian immigrants in the United States, a key trend in U.S. immigration in the late 20th century. CONCEPT 20th Century American Immigration