NURSING > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > MDC 2 Exam 1 Review Version 2 With Questions and Answers (All)

MDC 2 Exam 1 Review Version 2 With Questions and Answers

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- Death is defined as the cessation of integrated tissue and organ function, manifested by lack of heartbeat, absence of spontaneous respirations, or irreversible brain dysfunction. 2. Symptoms of approaching death - coolness of extremities, increased sleeping, decreased fluid and food, incontinence, gurgling, breathing pattern change (Cheyne-Stokes), fear, anxiety, difficulty coping, apnea, skin changes (waxy) 3. Management of End-of-Life symptoms - Interventions to relieve symptoms of distress include positioning, administration of medications, and a variety of complementary and integrative therapies. When medications are used, they are often scheduled around the clock to maintain COMFORT and prevent recurrence of the symptom. 4. Postmortem care - care of the body after death... Pronouncing death...RN can pronounce but not identify cause of death Allow family time with client Follow protocols of facility 5. Hospice Care - 6 months or less to live. End of Life Care 6. Palliative Care - Management of terminal illness or chronic illness. Not necessary 7. Psychosocial Needs - HOPE mnemonic - H=Sources of Hope O=Organized religion P=Personal Spirituality E=Effects of religion and spirituality 8. Benign Cells - Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time as a result of a problem with CELLULAR REGULATION. Examples include moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags, endometriosis, and nasal polyps. 9. Malignant Cells - abnormal, serve no useful function, and are harmful to normal body tissues. 10. Carcinoma - a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs. 11. Sarcomas - Cancers that arise in the connective tissue cells, including bones, ligaments, and muscles. 12. Leukemia - cancer of white blood cells 13. Lymphoma - malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue 14. Grading of cancer - -assessment of the extent to which a tumor resembles the normal tissue in a site -reflects an indication of prognosis -GX-G4 -higher the grade, the more involvement 15. Ploidy - classifies the number and structure of tumor chromosomes as normal or abnormal. 16. Staging - determines the exact location of the cancer and whether metastasis has occurred. 17. TNM - tumor-node-metastasis 18. 7 warning signs of cancer (CAUTION) - C=Changes in bowel or bladder habits A=A sore that does not heal

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