WGU C952 Ch2 Questions and Answers Already Passed

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WGU C952 Ch2 Questions and Answers Already Passed kilobyte ✔✔10^3 bytes megabyte ✔✔10^6 bytes gigabyte ✔✔10^9 bytes terabyte ✔✔10^12 bytes petabyte ✔✔10^15 bytes exabyte ✔✔10^18 bytes zettabyte ✔✔10^21 bytes yottabyte ✔✔10^24 bytes Moore's law ✔✔The law that states that integrated circuit resources double every 18-24 months predictions abstractions ✔✔characterize the design at different levels of representation lower level details are hidden --> simpler model at higher levels productivity technique for hardware and software common case ✔✔making this fast will enhance performance better than optimizing the rare case simpler than the rare case--> easier to enhance pipelining ✔✔moves multiple operations through hardware that each do a piece of an operation assembler ✔✔a program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary version assembly language ✔✔a symbolic representation of machine instructions (ABC...) machine language ✔✔a binary representation of machine instructions (1s & 0s) C Language ✔✔high level language developed in the 1970s C++ and Java borrow from it Control ✔✔Sends signals that determine the operation of the other components t/g with datapath => processor datapath ✔✔where the data it transformed via computations (+, -...) t/g with control => processor LCD ✔✔display technology using a thin layer of liquid polymers that can be used to transmit or block light according to whether a charge is applied Active matrix display ✔✔LCD using a transistor to control the transmission of light at each individual pixel raster refresh buffer (frame buffer) ✔✔computer hardware support for graphics consists of these to store the bit map 24 ✔✔Each pixel of display typically involves __ bits, with 8 bits for each red, blue, and green Integrated circuit ✔✔aka a chip; device combining dozens to millions of transistors CPU ✔✔aka processor the active part of the computer, datapath + control adds, tests nums signals I/O devices to activate DRAM (dynamic random access memory) ✔✔memory built as an integrated circuit 50 nanosecond access time dense (many bits per unit area) SRAM ✔✔faster and less dense than DRAM built as an integrated circuit Instruction set Architecture ✔✔Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O, and so on. Application binary interface ✔✔the user portion of the instruction set plus the OS interfaces used by application programmers defines the standard for binary probability across computers Implementation ✔✔hardware that obeys the architecture abstraction main memory ✔✔memory layer used to hold programs and data while programs are running Transistor ✔✔on /off switch controlled by electrical signal VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuit) ✔✔a device containing hundreds of thousands to millions of transitors silicon ✔✔a natural element that is a semiconductor semiconductor ✔✔substance that does not conduct electricity very well silicon crystal ingot ✔✔a rod of a silicon crystal that is b/t 8 and 12 inches in diameter and about 12 to 24 inches long wafer ✔✔a slice from a silicon ingot no more than 0.1 inches thick --> chips Die ✔✔the individual rectangular sections that are cut from a wafer, more informally known as chips Response time ✔✔aka execution time total time required for the computer to complete a task (disk access, memory access, I/O, OS overhead, CPU execution time, etc.)

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