AP Euro: Industrial Revolution Already Passed

AP Euro: Industrial Revolution Already Passed Commercial Revolution ✔✔the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. proto-industrialization ✔✔Prelimin ...

AP Euro: Industrial Revolution Already Passed Commercial Revolution ✔✔the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. proto-industrialization ✔✔Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution. cottage industry ✔✔This was the way form of work of the rural classes in which the costumer would give the worker materials and the worker would create the desirable product flying shuttle ✔✔was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand spinning jenny ✔✔This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727) water frame ✔✔1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms spinning mule ✔✔In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine which produced a thread which was stronger, finer and more consistent Agricultural Revolution ✔✔The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants were expelled (600) Bank of England ✔✔created in 1694 to ensure a stable money supply and to lay the foundation for a network of lending institutions Bubble Act ✔✔act of parliament forbidding joint stock companies Lowes Act ✔✔Allowed for limited liability for business owners Navigation Acts ✔✔Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. Corn Laws ✔✔Revised in 1815 these laws didn't allow for importing of cheap grain, this gave way to great anger towards the landed aristocracy who imposed them for their own good. Their repeal signified the end of dominance by the landed nobility James Watt ✔✔Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819) steam engine ✔✔1760's; James Watt; engine powered by steam that could pump water from mines 3X as quickly as previous engines power loom ✔✔a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side wit hthe spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright , it speeded up the production of textiles heavy industry ✔✔industry that requires a large capital investment and that produces items used in other industries Henry Cort ✔✔In the 1780s, Cort developed the puddling furnace, which allowed pig iron to be refined in turn with coke (made from coal, not the drink or drug). Cort also developed heavy-duty steam-powered rolling mills, which were capable of spewing out finished iron in every shape and form. puddling furnace ✔✔This invention allowed impurities to be removed from iron ore and production to speed up 15x. Transportation Revolution ✔✔rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation; in the United States this began in the early 1800s Duke of Bridgewater ✔✔1st Industrial Canal John McAdam ✔✔a scottish engineer that equipped road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage and on top placed a layer of smoother rocks, prevented heavy wagons from sinking into the mud; first hard roads Robert Fulton ✔✔American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) George Stephenson ✔✔English railway pioneer who built the first passenger railway in 1825 (1781-1848) it was called the Rocket Crystal Palace ✔✔Building erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age