KPER 1200 midterm #1, Questions and answers, graded A

KPER 1200 midterm #1 what are the 4 broad reasons on why physical activity is important? - ✔✔-our design -environmental mismatch -physical activity is important for physical health -physical activity goes beyond phys ...

KPER 1200 midterm #1 what are the 4 broad reasons on why physical activity is important? - ✔✔-our design -environmental mismatch -physical activity is important for physical health -physical activity goes beyond physical health (mental) describe selective pressure - ✔✔environmental factor that affects the reproduction capabilities of a species (think of the giraffe example) what were some of the selective pressures that favoured movement-friendly capabilities in humans? - ✔✔-finding food/water -finding/ building shelter -escaping predation -transportation describe environmental mismatch - ✔✔-the selective pressures that favoured a capacity for physical activity no longer exist -we have designed our environment to minimize physical activity what are the five pillar of public health? - ✔✔-epidemiology and disease control -environmental health -health promotion and education -health administration and policy -biostatistics describe epidemiology and disease control (public health pillar) - ✔✔-the study of distributions and determinants of disease and disability in populations -distributions: where are diseases/disabilities located? -determinants: what causes specific diseases/disabilities? describe environmental health (public health pillar) - ✔✔the study of how our environment influences our health describe promotion and education (public health pillar) - ✔✔asks the question about how can we enhance the health of the population describe health administration and policy (public health pillar) - ✔✔delivery of health services through by-laws, rules and regulations that are designed to promote health -ex: outdoor smoking bans describe biostatistics (public health pillar) - ✔✔analysis of health data (focuses on statistics toward biology)describe communicable diseases - ✔✔-infectious diseases -diseases that are caused by pathogens such as viruses/bacteria -Examples: tuberculosis, malaria, influenza and measles describe noncommunicable diseases - ✔✔-chronic diseases -diseases that develop over a long period of time -examples: cardiovascular diseases (heart attacks, stroke), cancers what type of disease is physical activity beneficial for? - ✔✔noncommunicable (chronic) diease what type of disease kills people the most often today? - ✔✔noncommunicable (chronic) diease what is the definition of physical activity? - ✔✔any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure define exercise - ✔✔a specific type of physical activity that is planned, repetitive and done for a specific purpose (such as improving health/fitness) describe the relationship of physical activity and exercise - ✔✔exercise is always considered physical activity, but physical activity is not always considered exercise define physical fitness - ✔✔-no agreed upon definition -a set of measureable physiological parameters -2 types: health-related fitness and skill-related fitness describe some components of health-related fitness - ✔✔-attributes that are thought to be related to improved health -aerobic capacity -muscular strength -muscular endurance -flexibility -body composition describe some components of skill-related fitness - ✔✔-attributes that are the most important for successful movement and sport participation -balance -agility -coordination -power -speed define health - ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (definition establish in 1948)-similar to wellness define psychological well-being - ✔✔-optimal psychological functioning and experience -2 approaches: hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being describe hedonic well-being - ✔✔experiencing pleasure, happiness and satisfaction describe eudaimonic well-being - ✔✔fulfilling one's true potential, flourishing, living according to one's values what is exercise physiology - ✔✔the study of how the body structures and functions are altered by acute bouts of exercise or physical activity and how the body adapts to the chronic stress of physical training what are some electronic ways of measuring physical activity? - ✔✔accelerometers and pedometers describe accelerometers - ✔✔-detect acceleration from limbs (arms, legs) -is not able to tell the specific type of physical activity being performed -used to be cumbersome (large and heavy) but technology is improving -can over- or under-estimate movement describe pedometers - ✔✔-connects to the waist or shoes -counts number of steps, based on stride length -very inexpensive but can be unreliable describe self-report questionnaires as ways of measuring physical activity - ✔✔-the most popular way of assessing PA -easy to administer -can measure PA levels of many people -2 main problems: people may be innaccurate or dishonest/careless what are the problems with using self-report questionnaires as a way of measuring physical activity? - ✔✔1. people can be inaccurate -they may forget about some physical activity they did -they may not be sure about the differences between intensities 2. people can be dishonest/careless -not caring about their responses -or making it seem as though they are more physically active than they actually are what is epidemiology? - ✔✔the basic science of public health, that is concerned with the study of the causes and consequences of disease and disability in human populationswhat is the most important and powerful health benefit of physical activity? - ✔✔the prevention and treatment of chronic disease what is public health surveillance? - ✔✔defined as the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice efficacy trials vs effectiveness studies - ✔✔efficacy trails: -are studies that are used to establish tha