Biochem C785 - WGU - Module 4 - All Questions

Biochem C785 - WGU - Module 4 - All Questions The polysaccharide cellulose is composed of sugar monomers linked through beta linkages, with their CH2OH groups in opposite direction relative to the neighboring monome ...

Biochem C785 - WGU - Module 4 - All Questions The polysaccharide cellulose is composed of sugar monomers linked through beta linkages, with their CH2OH groups in opposite direction relative to the neighboring monomer. Correct Answer: True Nutrient that can not be broken down to a substance that can participate in the production of ATP via aerobic cellular metabolism Correct Answer: Vitamin E Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules, through what process are these ATP molecules made? Correct Answer: Substrate level phosphorylation What product of beta oxidation is able to enter the citric acid cycle? Correct Answer: AcetylCoA What process is shared between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism? Correct Answer: glycolysis A defect occurs that prevents pyruvate from converting to lactate under anaerobic conditions - what is a possible consequence? Correct Answer: glycolysis stops because NAD+ levels are too low What differentiates aerobic from anaerobic cellular metabolism? Correct Answer: utilization of 02 as an electron acceptor What takes place in the mitochondria of a cell? Correct Answer: production of FAHD2 production of CO2 in the citric acid cycle creation of a proton gradient What does not take place in the mitochondria of a cell? Correct Answer: conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid Under aerobic conditions in a human, which molecule is formed in the cytosol by fermentation? Correct Answer: lactate A woman is about to begin her ascent of Mount Everest and is preparing for Day 1 of the climb. Approximately 6 hours before the hike begins, she and her climbing team eat a meal containing 80% complex carbohydrates. What is the physiological benefit of this approach? Correct Answer: improving glycogen stores in the liver and muscle Which process is stimulated when glucagon is released into the bloodstream? Correct Answer: triglyceride synthesis Which chemical represents a monosaccharide? Correct Answer: C6H1206 A patient with advanced cancer has not been able to eat a full meal for the past 3 months, and his intake has gradually diminished over the last month such that his entire intake in the prior 3 days consists solely of water. What is most likely? Correct Answer: He is likely to have lost adipose tissue and muscle mass Which process is stimulated when insulin is released into the bloodstream? Correct Answer: glycogenesis What is the largest source of energy storage in the normal human body? Correct Answer: triglycerides in adipose What drives glucose from the bloodstream into the cells? Correct Answer: insulin What chemicals can be produced in dangerous excess in a patient taking metformin because of its effects of decreasing the liver's participation in the Cori Cycle? Correct Answer: lactic acid A 2-year old boy found to have an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disease that prevents him from being able to fully metabolize glucose. On examination, he has an enlarged liver and bulky appearing muscles. Biopsy of both the liver and the muscles shoes markedly increased amounts of glycogen compared to normal - What is true? Correct Answer: Since glucose can be partially but not fully metabolized, there is an increased concentration of the intermediate compounds and this causes a shift in enzymatic reactions, favoring the production of glycogen Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of one molecule of glucose bound to one molecule of fructose. When you put sucrose in your tea, how is that sucrose utilized by your body for making energy? (ATP) Correct Answer: sucrose is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides for absorption, these can then be metabolized via glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Which of the following directly provides the energy necessary for the conversation of ADP + P to ATP by ATP synthase? Correct Answer: proton moving down a concentration gradient from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix If a patient is healthy and has a normal oxygen concentration in her blood, approximately how many ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose that is aerobically metabolized? Correct Answer: 30. 2 ATP are formed in glycolysis via substrate level phosphorylation. 2 ATP are formed in the citric acid cycle via substrate level phosphorylation 26 ATP are formed through oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain for a total of about 30 ATP from one glucose molecule that undergoes aerobic metabolism What process takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? Correct Answer: electron transport chain While barbiturates are potent inhibitors of Complex I in the electron transport chain, they do not completely block electron transport because: Correct Answer: FADH2 donates electrons to complex II Where is energy stores in an ATP molecule? Correct Answer: in the bonds between the phosphate groups A defect in an enzyme in the citric acid cycle causes the cycle to stop functioning. What are possible consequences? Correct Answer: decreased levels of ATP What could result in better outcomes for type 2 diabetes? Correct Answer: an increased number of GluT4 transports in the cell membrane Emma was prescribed metformin which is used to control blood glucose levels. One direct effect of metformin is inhibition of the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver Correct Answer: True Emma has an A1C level of 7.0% in her blood. A1C is a form of: Correct Answer: hemoglobin Catabolism is the breakdown of larger molecules, whereas anabolism is the synthesis of new molecules. Which of these processes result in the generation of ATP? Correct Answer: catabolism A molecule that assists an enzyme in driving biochemical reactions is: Correct Answer: coenzyme Insulin controls both carbohydrates and fat metabolism. What statement describes the effects of insulin? Correct Answer: 1. stimulates the glucose uptake 2. inhibits the glycogen breakdown 3. stimulates fatty acid production and storage There are 2 types of diabetes. Type 1, where the insulin is not produced at all or produced in insufficient amounts. Type 2, where insulin is made in reasonable quantities, but the cells are unable to respond to the insulin. Thus, not all cases are a result of insufficient amounts of insulin. Correct Answer: True The complications of diabetes result from the accumulation of which of the following: Correct Answer: Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs)