SLHS 2204 Exam 1, 2, 3 A Questions with Complete Solutions

SLHS 2204 Exam 1, 2, 3 A Questions with Complete Solutions VOT is an important speech cue that helps to discriminate between voiced and voiceless stop consonants. In the English language, the VOT boundary dividing voi ...

SLHS 2204 Exam 1, 2, 3 A Questions with Complete Solutions VOT is an important speech cue that helps to discriminate between voiced and voiceless stop consonants. In the English language, the VOT boundary dividing voiced from voiceless stop consonants is at 35ms of VOT. Do all languages of the world show a phonetic boundary at 35ms of VOT for stop consonants? -Answer- No What is the main question that researchers want to answer regarding language acquisition? -Answer- They wonder if the capacities involved in language acquisition are learned (nurture) or specific (innate) to the human species The Domain-General approaches in language acquisition assume that: -Answer- A&B -Language acquisition falls on the same general learning mechanisms that the child uses to learn about physics, number concepts, space, social conventions and so forth -there is nothing unique about the way in which children learn language. Cognitive development is believed to be a prerequisite and the foundation for language learning Which are the three main structures of the brain? -Answer- cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem Human and non human species have distinct survival strategies based on: -Answer- the percent of full brain development and muscle development after birth Bennett & Diamond (1964) demonstrated that rats living in enriched environments develop, when compared to restricted littermates (in poor environments), with a greater number of synaptic connections. Is the increase in synaptic connections each specific? -Answer- No, an increase in the number of dendritic connections due to enriched environments are not age specific What does the human homunculus represent? -Answer- The amount of brain area dedicated to movement and sensation from a particular body part when producing a vowel, the back part of the vocal tract relates with_____ of a spectrogram, and the front part of the vocal tract relates with _____ of a spectrogram. -Answer- F1 & F2 what is the aspect of infant directed speech that seems to promote language learning in infants -Answer- A&D -the melodic features in the speech signal -the exaggerated prosodic contours in the speech signal which of the following assumption belongs to the narrowing/specialization approach of language acquisition? -Answer- The infant Brain does not start out with circuits dedicated only for processing language, but it does end up with specialized circuits as a function of experience In what domain do Social/Interaction approaches fall? -Answer- domain general What is the basic unit of the Central Nervous System? -Answer- neuron how is the auditory cortex defined! -Answer- The area of the brain that receives input from the medial Geniculate complex regarding Master Yoda's voice, select the one option that potentially explains why Master Yoda's pitch does not match with his child's vocal tract size -Answer- A & B height and age What does the "Rhythmic Class Hypothesis" propose? -Answer- All of the above What do Brodmann's brain Areas represent? -Answer- The different types of neuronal cell bodies and different types of neuronal organizations have different functions Is there evidence that infants learn the voice of their mother prenatally? -Answer- yes. Newborn infants can recognize their mothers voice at birth but cannot discriminate between languages with similar prosody When is it postulated that humans start learning the prosody patterns of their native language? -Answer- by the 20th week of gestational why is it believed that the newborn comes into the world prepared to pay special attention to human speech, and specifically to his/her mothers voice? -Answer- A & B -because at the 20th week of gestation the auditory system is sufficiently developed to process sound -because the fetus spends most time processing linguistic sounds from his/her mother animals that are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching are called -Answer- precocial which is the source of the fundamental frequency (F0)? -Answer- vocal fold vibration is there a relationship between primitive reflexes and myelination -Answer- yes, as myelin increases, primitive reflexes decrease in the number which of the spectrograms presented below most likely represent the /i/ configuration? (F1 & F2 are shown) -Answer- A The modification (movement) of the vocal tract and the oral cavity that result in the production of distinctive sounds is ______ -Answer- Articulation how are perceptual systems defined? -Answer- by the network of that perceptual system (network passing the information to the cerebrum) and brain areas related to the perceptual system (processing of information at higher levels)