Psych 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+

Psych 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers Rated A Wilhelm Wundt ✔✔founder of the science of psychology; formed first psychology laboratory Sigmund Freud ✔✔unconscious mind and psychoanalytic theory, people are not ma ...

Psych 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers Rated A Wilhelm Wundt ✔✔founder of the science of psychology; formed first psychology laboratory Sigmund Freud ✔✔unconscious mind and psychoanalytic theory, people are not masters of their own minds, behavior is influenced by sexual urges; wish-fulfillment B.F. Skinner ✔✔stimulus-response approach, behavior and environmental factors Ivan Pavlov ✔✔conditioned reflexes, behaviorist stimulus-response approach William James ✔✔leader of 'functionalism', wrote Principles of Psychology, discussed the stream of consciousness Structuralism ✔✔analyzing consciousness into its basic elements and investigating how these elements are related Functionalism ✔✔psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness Psychoanalytic perspective ✔✔unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders; expectations affect our perception Behavioral perspective ✔✔Only observable events (stimulus-response) can be studied scientifically Humanistic perspective ✔✔Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth. Fundamentally different from animals.Cognitive perspective ✔✔Human behavior can't be understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information Biological perspective ✔✔an organism's functioning can be explained through bodily structures and bio-chemical processes Evolutionary perspective ✔✔Behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviors that enhance reproductive success Critical (critical thinking) ✔✔being analytical and evaluating ideas Anecdotal evidence ✔✔stories, NOT reliable evidence Neurons ✔✔individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information Soma ✔✔cell body, contains the cell nucleus and chemical machinery Dendrites ✔✔parts of a neuron specialized to receive information Axon ✔✔fiber that transmits signals away from the soma and to other neurons, muscles, or glands Myelin sheath ✔✔insulating material that encases some axons Terminal buttons ✔✔small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters Synapse ✔✔junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another Glia (glue) ✔✔cells found throughout the nervous system that provide support for neurons (glue)Resting potential ✔✔a neuron's stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive Action potential ✔✔brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon Absolute refractory period ✔✔minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin All-or-None Law ✔✔action potentials are all the same size, though strength and firing rate can vary Synaptic cleft ✔✔gap between the terminal button of a neuron and the cell membrane of anther neuron Agonist ✔✔chemical that mimics action of a neurotransmitter Antagonist ✔✔chemical that opposes the action of a neuro transmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) ✔✔muscles, attention, arousal, memory; stimulated by nicotine Dopamine ✔✔voluntary movement, elevated by cocaine and amphetamines Norepinephrine (NE) ✔✔mood and arousal; elevated by cocaine and amphetamines Serotonin ✔✔Sleep, wakefulness, eating, aggression; affected by antidepressants GABA ✔✔inhibitory, anxiety, sleep/arousal; anti-anxiety drugs Glutamate ✔✔excitatory, learning, memoryEndorphins ✔✔pain relief and stress response, eating behavior Cerebrum ✔✔sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, movement Corpus callosum ✔✔bridge between cerebral hemispheres Thalamus ✔✔relay center for cortex; handles incoming and outgoing signals Cerebellum ✔✔fine muscle movement, balance; first brain structure depressed by alcohol Reticular formation ✔✔group of fibers that deal with stimulation related to sleep and arousal Spinal cord ✔✔transmitting info between brain and body Medulla ✔✔Unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation Pons ✔✔sleep and arousal Hippocampus ✔✔memory; elongated and curves around the thalamus Pituitary gland ✔✔"master gland" that regulates other endocrine glands Hypothalamus ✔✔basic biological needs; hunger, thirst, temperature control Amygdala ✔✔limbic system; emotion and aggression Neurogenesis ✔✔formation of new neurons Primary visual cortex ✔✔in occipital lobe; processing of visual signalsPrimary auditory cortex ✔✔in temporal lobe; auditory processing Primary motor cortex ✔✔in frontal lobe; muscle movement Primary somatosensory cortex ✔✔in parietal lobe; registers sense of touch Sympathetic division of ANS ✔✔fight-or-flight response; slows digestive processes and drains blood from periphery Neuroplasticity ✔✔the flexibility and changeability of the brain's structure and organization Prefrontal cortex ✔✔complex cognitive activities; planning, organization, paying attention Broca's area ✔✔speech production Wernicke's area ✔✔language comprehension CT scans ✔✔x-ray of brain structure MRI scan ✔✔magneticfields, radio waves, and enhancement to map out brain structure (BETTER THAN CT) PET ✔✔color-coded map indicating what brain areas become active when subjects do/think certain things fMRI ✔✔maps brain activity over time, more precise than PET TMS ✔✔temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brainUse it or lose it ✔✔the brain not being used would shrivel up and die Amplitude ✔✔height Nearsightedness ✔✔close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry Farsightedness ✔✔distant objects are seen clearly but close objects appear blurry