CHAPTER 8: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
a.
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
b.
The immune response is specif
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CHAPTER 8: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
a.
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
b.
The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
c.
The response to a specific pathogen is short term.
d.
The response is innate, rather than acquired. - ANS: B
Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and
pathogenic microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford
long-term specific protection (i.e., immunity) against particular invading
microorganisms; that is, it has a memory function. The other options are not unique
characteristics of the immune response.
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit
them to becoming B cells?
a.
Thymus gland
b.
Regional lymph nodes
c.
Bone marrow
d.
Spleen - ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary) lymphoid
organs—the thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither
regional lymph nodes nor the spleen are involved in changing B lymphocytes into B
cells.
What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and
change into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?
a.
Clonal diversity
b.
Clonal differentiation
c.
Clonal selection
d.
Clonal competence - ANS: A
The process is called the generation of clonal diversity and occurs in specialized
(primary) lymphoid organs—the thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B
cells. The other options do not accurately identify the process described in the
question.
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to
the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity - ANS: B
An individual produces active-acquired immunity (active immunity) after natural
exposure to an antigen or after immunization, whereas passive-acquired immunity
(passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune response at all. The innate
immune system, also known as nonspecific immune system and the first line of
defense, is composed of the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from
infection by other organisms in a nonspecific manner, which means that the cells of
the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way.
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity - ANS: A
Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune
response at all. Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T
lymphocytes are transferred from a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur
naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the fetus,
or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific disease. The
remaining options do not produce immunity via immunoglobulin transfer across the
placenta.
The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to
as what type of determinant?
a.
Immunotope
b.
Paratope
c.
Epitope
d.
Antigenitope - ANS: C
The precise portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is
called its antigenic determinant or epitope. The other options are not used to identify
this portion of the antigen.
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen? CONTINUES...
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