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CWE-301_WATER_QUALITY_AND_ENVIRONMENT_pH_Meters.

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EXPERIMENT--3 DETERMINATION OF pH OF A SAMPLE OF WATER The term “pH” refers to the measurement of hydrogen ion activity in the solution. Since the direct measurement of the pH is very difficult... , specific electrodes are needed for quick and accurate pH determination. pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14, with lower values indicating high H+ (more acidic) and higher values indicating low H+ ion activity (less acidic). A pH of 7 is considered as neutral. Every whole unit in pH represents a ten-fold increase in or decrease in hydrogen ion concentration. Most natural waters possess the pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.5. Rain water have a pH value of 5.4 to 6.0 which then reacts with the soils and minerals causing the reduction in H+ ion concentration and thus the water may become alkaline with a pH 0f 8.0-8.5. More acid water (pH<5) and more alkaline (pH >9) and other immediate changes in the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) suggest that the quality of the water is adversely affected due to the introduction of some toxic contaminants in water bodies. pH is measured using pH meter, which comprises a detecting unit consisting of a glass electrode, reference electrode, usually a calomel electrode connected by KCl Bridge to the pH sensitive glass electrode and an indicating unit which indicates the pH corresponding to the electromotive force is then detected. Before measurement, pH meter should be calibrated by using at least two buffers. [Show More]

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