Chapter 03: The Changing U.S. Health and Public Health Care Systems Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, Questions And Answers 2022/2023

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Chapter 03: The Changing U.S. Health and Public Health Care Systems Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, Questions And Answers 2022/2023 A public health ... agency is planning to implement the electronic health record. Which of the following is a benefit of this choice? a. Facilitation of interprofessional care b. Improved client compliance with medical regimens c. Cost savings to the agency d. Compliance with JCAHO standards - ANS: A The electronic medical record facilitates interprofessional care in chronic disease management and coordination of referrals; 24-hour availability of records with downloaded laboratory results and up-to-date assessments; incorporation of protocol reminders for prevention, screening, and management of chronic disease; improvement of quality measurement and monitoring; increased client safety; and decline in medication errors. There is not evidence that an electronic health record improves client compliance with medical regimens. Electronic health records can increase costs to an agency. JCAHO does not accredit public health agencies. Which of the following best describes the cost of health care in the United States? a. Health care costs are kept low, and the indicators of health are among the best worldwide. b. Health care costs are low which has resulted in poor health outcomes. c. Health care costs are the highest in the world, but the indicators of health are not the best worldwide. d. Health care costs and indicators of health are the highest in the world. - ANS: C Health care costs in the United States are the highest in the world and comprise the greatest percentage of the gross domestic product, the indicators of what constitutes good health do not document that Americans are really getting their money's worth. Health care costs are not low in comparison to the rest of the world. The health outcomes in the United States are poor in comparison to other countries who spend less money on health care. A nurse is explaining the health care system in the United States to a group of physicians visiting from South America. How would the nurse best describe the current health care system? a. "It is a logical, rational approach to meeting expressed needs while still trying to control costs." b. "It is a centralized system that provides care in hospitals." c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care." d. "It is the best in the world with outstanding research and high-technology care available to all." - ANS: C Health care in the United States consists of a private or personal care system and a public health system, with overlap between the two. The United States health care system is one of the most expensive systems in the world that does not do a good job at controlling costs. Care is provided through an enormous range of facilies and providers, including hosptials, physicians' and dentists' offices, nursing homes, mental health facilities, ambulatory care centers, and freestanding clincis. Although there is great research and high-technology care in the United States, the health care outcomes of the country do not reflect this. Health care disparities exist among multiple populations making this system not available to all. Which of the following best describes ideal primary health care? a. Based on a multidisciplinary group of health care providers that work as a team b. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management c. Focused on health promotion and disease prevention for everyone enrolled in the health center d. Local efforts to meet the Declaration of Alma Ata principles - ANS: B Primary health care is generally defined as essential care made universally accessible to individuals, families, and the community. Health care is made available to them with their full participation and is provided at a cost that the community and country can afford. Public health is described as organized and multidisciplinary efforts aimed at preventing disease and promoting health, not primary care. Primary care provides for the integration of health promotion, disease prevention, with curative and rehabilitative services. The Declaration of Alma Ata was aimed at a world-wide, not local goal, to attain a level of health that permitted all citizens of the world to live socially and economically productive lives. How does managed care attempt to control costs of care? CONTINUES... [Show More]

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