Pediatric Pediatric Neurological Conditions

Pediatric Pediatric Neurological Conditions Question Answer Brain size of infant is ____% of adult size 25% Brain size of a 1yo is ____% of adult size 50% brain size of a 3 year old is ____% of adult size 75% Br ...

Pediatric Pediatric Neurological Conditions Question Answer Brain size of infant is ____% of adult size 25% Brain size of a 1yo is ____% of adult size 50% brain size of a 3 year old is ____% of adult size 75% Brain size of a 6 year old is ___% of adult size 90% Head circumference for a term infant is ____ cm 34-35 cm Head circumference of a 6mo old is ____ cm 44 cm Head circumference of a 1 yo is ____ cm 47 cm Sutures and fontanels stay open in infants to compensate for increases in ___ ICP Continuing separation of sutures may occur until ____ years of age 10-12 yo Papilledema - edema of the ____ is due to open sutures and fontanels pupils Premature closure of sutures and fontanels can cause a potential for ____ damage neurologic Head circumference at birth is ____" larger than circumference chest 1" larger T/F by one year of age the head and chest circumference are equal True myelinization of the CNS begins in utero or at birth in utero (approx week 16) Myelinization of CNS usually complete by ____ puberty Myelinization of CNS promotes progressive ____ and ____ motor development progressive coordination and fine motor development ____ is Increased accumulation of CSF in ventricles and compresses the brain hydrocephalus hydrocephalus occures in ___ / 1000 live births 3-4/1000 If an infant is born with hydrocephalus, it can be because of a ____ infection intrauterine (in the uterus = aka. womb) Acquired hydrocephalus can be caused from what three things infection, neoplasm and hemorrhage Blockage outside ventricular system is ____ hydrocephalus communicating Communicating hydrocephalus happens when CSF is inadequately circulated or reabsorbed in the ____ space subarachnoid space - subarachnoid hemorrhage Flow of CNS obstruction within the ventricular system is ____ hydrocephalus noncomunicating noncommunicating hydrocephalus prevents CSF from ____ the subararachnoid space for reabsorption reaching - stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius or Dandy-Walker Syndrome ____ tumor causes increased CSF secretions which causes hydrocephalus Choroid Plexus Tumor Some manifestations of infant intercranial pressure (IICP) head enlarge,nonpulsatile & bulgine anterior fontanel, scalp veins dilated, cranial sutures seperated, Macewen sign (sound of a cracked pot), Bossing of frontal bone, setting-sun eyes, changes in LOC, irritable, lethargic, opisthotonos(back arching) What are some manifestations of infant intercranial pressure (IICP) poor feeding, shrill, high pitched cry, developmental delay and seizures Older child ICP Manifestations HA/N/V, ataxia, strabismus, dipopia, pupil unequal response to light, papilledema, LOC change, Intellectual impairment and seizures ____ is the late sign of IICP with manifestations of hypertension, bradycardia and apnea Cushing's Triad Diagnosis of hydrocephalus include ____ ultrasonography, measurement of ____ circumference, and____imaging studies fetal ultrasonography, head circumference, neuroimaging studies Neuroimaging studies include evaluation of size and position of ____ and subarachnoid spaces ventricles surgical management of hydrocephalus include correcting the ____ and shunt placement correction of obstruction Shunt the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity is called ____ ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt VP shunt is best for infants or children infants 4 Risks for VP shunt include Bowel perforation, ascites, paralytic ileus and peritonitis ____ shunt drains ventricles to the right atrium Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt The VA shunt is best for infants or children older child - rare 4 Risks for VA shunt Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, septicemia, and bacterial en