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FNSC2200 - Crime Scene Theory

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FNSC2200 - Crime Scene Theory What are the 4 things that define a crime scene? What do they mean? - ✔✔Physical location - where the crime scene occured e.g. indoors, outdoors Primary/Secondary locations - Primary scene is where the events occurred. Secondary may be evidence that links to the scene e.g. abandoned car. As a result, there can be more than one crime scene to process by investigators Area size - macroscopic vs microscopic Crime committed - homicide, rape, arson, burglary, fraud. The information obtained from the scene will differ depending on the crime What is Locard's Exchange principle? - ✔✔When two objects come in contact with one another, an exchange of matter takes place. Define evidence - ✔✔Information given in legal proceedings to support a fact or proposition What are the three types of evidence? (3) - ✔✔(1) Physical evidence - any material or items found in the crime scene, on the victim e.g. suspected weapon, bullet holes in a wall (2) Trace evidence - microscopic trace evidence e.g. hair fibres, dna, fingerprints (3) Testimonial evidence - written or verbal statements given to police , common evidence in rape or assault cases Whats the difference between direct and circumstantial evidence? - ✔✔Direct evidence are firsthand observations. They include eyewitness accounts, cameras and confessions. Circumstantial evidence is indirect evidence. They may be used to imply or support. May link a suspect to a crime scene. There are 2 branches of circumstantial evidence. What are they? (2) - ✔✔(1) Physical - impressions, fibers, weapons, bullets, shell casings (2) Biological - body fluids, hair, plant parts State the 4 main Investigation roles in the Australian system. (4) - ✔✔Uniformed Officer Detective Scene of Crime Officer Forensic Scientist What is the role of the Scene of Crime Officer (4) - ✔✔Primary role is crime scene processing and evidence collection. Also involved in documentation and secure transportation of evidence to the laboratory. What is the role of the forensic scientist - ✔✔Receives evidence, undertakes scientific analysis, provides expert testimony in court What are the main investigator roles in the U.S system? (5) - ✔✔Police officer Detective Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) Medical Examiner Specialist What are the 5 steps of processing the crime scene? (5) - ✔✔1.Securing the Crime Scene 2. Crime Scene Survey 3. Crime Scene Documentation 4. Searching the Crime Scene 5. Collection of Physical Evidence What does the first officer at the crime scene do? - ✔✔Since disturbance to the scene cannot be reversed, they secure against further disturbance Look at: - safety - detain individuals involved - identify area to secure - cordon off area / restrict access What are the scene cordons? (3) - ✔✔(1) Hot zone - encompasses the primary location of the crime. Scene processing occurs here (2) Warm - approx 100 m around the hot zone (3) Cool zone- pedestrians, media, What are some examples of crime scene documentation? (4) - ✔✔Detailed notes, videotaping, photographing, sketching What are the search patterns used when searching the crime scene? (4) - ✔✔(1) Spiral - inwards or outwards position but must be in one direction (2) Strip - parallel lines, size of the lane should be arms length of the searcher (3) Grid - more thorough strip method (4) Zone - like a "window", quandrants

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