Uncompensated - pH and one other value is abnormal
Partial compensation - pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
Full compensation - pH is normal
Acidosis - reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal
...
Uncompensated - pH and one other value is abnormal
Partial compensation - pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
Full compensation - pH is normal
Acidosis - reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal muscle,
and smooth muscle.
Alkalosis - increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them to
OVERRESPOND without stimulation
ABG considerations - - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from
hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
- Fall precautions
Bicarb HC03 - kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
Respiratory PaC02 - Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
Metabolic acidosis causes - DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver
failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia,
ethanol/methanol intoxication
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS
depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry
skin.
Metabolic acidosis treatment - hydration and medication to treat underlying problems
(DKA - give insulin).
Metabolic alkalosis causes - antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total
parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism,
hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics.
Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK,
POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal
muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased
respiratory effort (muscle weakness).
metabolic alkalosis treatment - restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Continues...
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