EIP Midterm Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A

EIP Midterm Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A Define EBP - ✔✔an approach to decision-making that uses the best evidence available in conjunction with client choices to decide on an option (course of acti ...

EIP Midterm Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A Define EBP - ✔✔an approach to decision-making that uses the best evidence available in conjunction with client choices to decide on an option (course of action) What is knowledge? - ✔✔a collection of ideas and facts about a topic What is evidence? - ✔✔information that makes a conclusion of a set of facts more apparent - with more evidence comes more knowledge List the 5 Steps of EBP - ✔✔1. posing a clinical question (i.e.: constructing a P.I.C.O question) 2. Searching for the evidence 3. Appraising the literature 4. Making a decision 5. Assessing the effectiveness of an intervention and one's proficiency with the EBP process itself. Postpositivism - ✔✔the post positivist worldview is a term synonymous to what we have traditionally called the scientific method. Comes after positivism or when the research believed that the absolute truth of knowledge was [soley] determined by empirical science (this worldview commonly underpins quantitative research designs) Constructivism - ✔✔the constructivist worldview believes that knowledge is more complex than that which can simply believed to be reduced to facts interpretatavism is a term often associated with this world view, believing that knowledge is inclusive of 'making-meaning' rather than solely based on a scientific explanation (commonly underpins qualitative research designs) Pragmatism - ✔✔the pragmatist worldview believes that knowledge is derived from the analysis of actions, situations, and consequences rather than the sole examination of conditions (this worldview commonly under pins mixed-methods research designs) Transformative - ✔✔seeks too create knowledge beyond imposed structural laws and theories; seeks to understand how politics and social oppression can lead to issues of discrimination, oppression, and injustices (underpins qualitative and mixed methods research designs) Quantitative research - ✔✔involves true experiments; this approach can include some less rigorous designs called quasi-experiments, and applied behavior analysis or single-subject experiments Qualitative research - ✔✔involves (but is not limited to) the procedures of grounded theories, ethnography, phenomenology, narrative research, and even case studies Mixed Methods - ✔✔involves combining or integrating quantitative and qualitative research and data into a single research study Level 1 Evidence - ✔✔systematic reviews of random control trials (RCTs) -highest internal validity due to randomizations Level 2 Evidence - ✔✔systematic reviews of cohort studies -little bias because the subjects are identified prior to outcome - randomization is lost Level 3 Evidence - ✔✔Systematic reviews and case control studies -bias can be present; subjects are pre-selected therefore internal threat can be evident Level 4 Evidence - ✔✔Case series and case control studies -comparison b/w groups is lost at this level; outcomes are particular to a single group Level 5 Evidence - ✔✔Expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal -lowest level of evidence Narrative review articles - ✔✔review of similar topic articles to a meaningful conclusion - may lack specified organization Systematic review articles - ✔✔inclusion and analysis methods are specified - typically at similar levels of evidence Meta-analysis review articles - ✔✔systematic review concluding with an overall effectiveness statistic Meta-synthesis review articles - ✔✔a systematic review of qualitative studies Characteristics of a critical thinker - ✔✔resists manipulation overcomes confusion asks questions takes times to produce multiple ideas based judgement on evidence understands that controversial issues are complex looks for connections between subjects becomes intellectually independent WISE Approach [Critical Thinking] - ✔✔Wonder Investigate Speculate Evaluate Wonder (of the wise approach) - ✔✔select on your experiences and identify worthy challenges (how is your thinking different?) Investigate (of the WISE approach) - ✔✔gain information Speculate (of the WISE approach) - ✔✔identify possible soultions Evaluate (of the WISE approach) - ✔✔test solutions to decide the best strategy to follow problems of egocentric thinking - ✔✔-humans do not intrinsically consider the rights and needs of others -we do not naturally appreciate the limitations of our own point of view -we do not naturally recognize our egocentric assumptions Innate egocentrism (I): - ✔✔regarding own needs and focuses as the center of all things Socioecentrisim (we): - ✔✔looking at the viewpoint of a social group