Asvab Top Notch Exam Prep Review. 100% Accurate. Approved mastery.

Asvab Top Notch Exam Prep Review. 100% Accurate. Approved mastery. intake cycle - ✔✔-the intake valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into the cylinder compression cycle - ...

Asvab Top Notch Exam Prep Review. 100% Accurate. Approved mastery. intake cycle - ✔✔-the intake valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into the cylinder compression cycle - ✔✔-the valves are closed, the connecting rod pushes the piston up, compressing gas/air mix power cycle - ✔✔-the spark plug ignites the gas/air mix, forcing the piston down. that pushes down on the connecting rod, turning the crankshaft; the crankshaft turns the flywheel, which keeps the engine going exhaust cycle - ✔✔-the exhaust valve opens as the connecting rod moves the piston back up, pushing out the exploded gases. the valves are timed, of course, using push rods attached to the camshaft intake valve - ✔✔-allows air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chamber. combustion chamber - ✔✔-An enclosed container in which fuel and air are burned for the production of energy connecting rod - ✔✔-The connecting link between the piston and the crankshaft piston - ✔✔-movable part in the cylinder forced into motion by explosion of fuel cylinder - ✔✔-a chamber within which piston moves spark plug - ✔✔-electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the gas by means of an electric spark crankshaft - ✔✔-Turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion flywheel - ✔✔-regulator consisting of a heavy wheel that stores kinetic energy and smooths the operation of a reciprocating engine camshaft - ✔✔-a rotating shaft within the engine that opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve in the engine tachometer - ✔✔-An instrument used to measure the speed of a revolving shaft in revolutions per minute. carburetor - ✔✔-a device that blends air and fuel for most older cars (pre-1990). As air moves quickly through the _____, it creates a vacuum, which draws more and more fuel into the mixture fuel injector - ✔✔-an electrically controlled valve that delivers a precise amount of pressurized fuel into each combustion chamber. throttle - ✔✔-a valve that regulates the supply of fuel to the engine water jackets - ✔✔-Channels in the engine through which water and coolant circulate to cool the engine. water pump - ✔✔-the pump in the cooling system of an automobile that cause the water to circulate radiator - ✔✔-The part of a car engine which removes heat from the cooling water that circulates through the engine oil pump - ✔✔-An engine-driven pump that delivers oil to the engine's moving parts. starter - ✔✔-an electric motor for starting an engine alternator - ✔✔-sends an electric current to the battery to keep the battery charged and also powers the other electronic gadgets on your car when the engine is running ignition system - ✔✔-supplies a high voltage current to the spark plugs to ignite the fuel mixture in the cylinders 12 - ✔✔-most vehicles use a ___ volt battery distributor - ✔✔-dispenses electric current to the spark plugs of a gasoline engine breaker points - ✔✔-a rotating shaft and a switch within the distributor routes the current through wires to the spark plugs condenser - ✔✔-absorbs excess current and protects the breaker points from damage by the high voltage surge drive system - ✔✔-transfers the power of the engine to the wheels to make them move axle - ✔✔-the shaft on which the wheels revolve universal joint - ✔✔-allows the axle to move up and down without breaking the drive shaft drive shaft - ✔✔-the _____ is the connecting component that carries torque and transmits rotation transmission - ✔✔-changes the speed of the engine in relation to the speed of the rear wheels, the front wheels, or all the wheels torque converter - ✔✔-automatically shifts the amount of torque used according to what is needed clutch - ✔✔-disconnects the engine from the drive shaft which is necessary in order to change to a different gear and allows the engine to run when the car isn't moving brake system - ✔✔-consists of a master cylinder that has break lines filled with brake fluid running from it drum breaks - ✔✔-break lines are connected to a hydraulic cylinder on each wheel hydraulic cylinder - ✔✔-contains pistons that move outward and force two brake shoes against the ____ that rotates the wheel disk breaks - ✔✔-the master cylinder forces a caliper, containing a piston, with brake shoes on each side, to squeeze against _____in each wheel , thus stopping the car by using fluid and releasing hot air positive crankcase ventilation - ✔✔-forces unburned or partially burned fuel back in the cylinder so the fuel can be burned air-injection system - ✔✔-forces air into the engine's exhaust system to burn unburned or partially burned fuel before the fuel comes out the exhaust pipe catalytic converter - ✔✔-oxidizes hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water vapor and carbon dioxide; this system doesn't control other types of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides exhaust-gas-recirculation system - ✔✔-helps control nitrogen-oxide emissions by forcing some of the gases back into the cylinders sliding calipers - ✔✔- mortising chisel - ✔✔- ratchet - ✔✔- socket wrench - ✔✔- c-clamp - ✔✔- pipe wrench - ✔✔- box-end wrench - ✔✔- socket chisel - ✔✔- butt chisel - ✔✔- sledge - ✔✔-used to drive bolts and chisels and to break rock wrenches - ✔✔-used to turn nuts and bolts or keep the nuts and bolts stationary box wrench - ✔✔-closed socket wrench - ✔✔-vary in sizes and can be attached to a handle, which in turn can be attached to an extension torque wrench - ✔✔-apply additional leverage to a fastener; looks like a socket wrench but has additional internal mechanisms designed to measure and limit the amount of force being applied pipe wrench - ✔✔-have serrated jaws and grip round objects allen wrench - ✔✔-screwdriver that fits hexagonal screw heads offset screwdriver - ✔✔-has the shank set at an angle to the blade to allow the tool to be used in cramped spaces curved nose pliers - ✔✔-curved jaws slip joint pliers - ✔✔-can be adjusted so the handles lock in a certain position wrench or vise grip pliers - ✔✔-has serrated jaws that clamp onto and hold objects of all shapes cutting pliers - ✔✔-are used to cut wire a saw with fewer teeth - ✔✔-is used for rough work, like cutting wood to size a saw with more teeth - ✔✔-cuts more finely and is sued for more delicate work. like sawing joints and lightweight pieces of wood bolt cutters - ✔✔-heavy duty shears that produce enough force when the handles are closed to slice through metal bolts or rods circle snips - ✔✔-used to cut curves crosscut saw - ✔✔-type of handsaw that cuts against the grain of the wood coping saw - ✔✔-type of handsaw that's used to cut curved lines or shapes hacksaw - ✔✔-type of handsaw that's used to cut metal pipe cutters and tube cutters - ✔✔-used to score and cut metal pipes and tubes ripsaw - ✔✔-type of handsaw that cuts with the grain of the snips and shears - ✔✔-has two cutting blades that scissor together when the handles close; the blades can be curved or straight drill bits - ✔✔-twist drills uses _____; round pieces of steel shaped in a spiral to create holes countersink - ✔✔-a drill bit that enlarges just the surface of a hole so that a screw head can be accommodated; is sued to allow the top of the fastener to be sex exactly even with the material to which it's attached otherwise the fastener would slightly protrude from the material auger bit - ✔✔-a drill bit that bore larger holes and has a long deep spiral flute for easy chip removal; used with a brace for drilling holes into wood punches - ✔✔-has a sharp end that's placed against the material to be punctured; the other end is truck with a hammer; is used to mark where a drilled hole is to be placed; this keeps the drill bit in position and prevents the drill from jumping to another part of the material metal cutting chisel - ✔✔-cut metal that is usually struck with a mallet to make the cut cold chisel - ✔✔-flat metal chisel and are used for cutting metals without using heating torches or forges round chisel - ✔✔-round metal chisel used to make circular cuts; are used for cutting metals without using heating torches or forges socket chisel - ✔✔-wood chisel that's struck with a mallet butt chisel - ✔✔-wood chisel that has a short blade and is used for in-close work mortising chisel - ✔✔-wood chisel that has a narrow blade made for chiseling out the narrow mortises in joints framing chisel - ✔✔-wood chisel that has a heavy, strong blade meant for rough work filing and finishing shop tools - ✔✔-used to sharpen the blades of other tools and to smooth the edges of cut metal objects single cut file - ✔✔-used for finishing work and sharpening blades double cut file - ✔✔-are used for rough work flat files and half round files - ✔✔-used for general purposes square and round files - ✔✔-fit square and round openings planes - ✔✔-a type of finishing tool used to prepare wood for final finishing and to fit doors and trim; consist of a handle to push with, a knob to guide with, a frame, a sole, and a mouth (where the blade is) bench planes - ✔✔-used to smooth surfaces calipers - ✔✔-a pinching instrument used for determining the thickness of objects or the distance between surfaces square - ✔✔-has two arms called the blade and the tongue that meet at a right angle sliding t-bevel - ✔✔-has an adjustable blade so that different angles can be checked plumb bob - ✔✔-a heavy weight that's suspended from a line that indicates vertical trueness penny system - ✔✔-nail length is designated by _______ that indicates the nail's length; the higher the ______, the longer the nail spikes - ✔✔-nails that are larger than 20-penny and are measured in inches brads and inishing nails - ✔✔-nails that have heads that are made to fit flush with our slightly below the surgace of the wood double-headed nails - ✔✔-nails with one lower head than the other and a point on the upper head; the nail is driven to the lower head but can be pulled out of the material because of the remaining higher head lag screws - ✔✔-has square or hexagon shaped heads bolts - ✔✔-don't thread into wood; has flat ends and held in place by a nut and washer machine screws - ✔✔-used to fasten metal parts; are sometimes used with nuts shake proof washer - ✔✔-has teeth to prevent them from skipping slip-lock washer - ✔✔-has two ends that dig into the nut and the material to keep the screw from slipping out rivets - ✔✔-used to fasten metal parts together, especially when a weld is insufficient bucking bar - ✔✔-used to drive standard rivets pop rivets - ✔✔-can be driven when only one side of a joint is accessible meter - ✔✔-unit of length liter - ✔✔-unit of volume gram - ✔✔-unit of mass Ockham's razor - ✔✔-states "when given two equally valid explanations for a phenomenon, one should embrace the less complicated formulation" milli- (m) - ✔✔-one-thousandth (0.001) centi- (c) - ✔✔-one-hundredth (0.01) deci- (d) - ✔✔-one-tenth (0.1) deca- (da) - ✔✔-10 hecto- (h) - ✔✔-100 kilo- (k) - ✔✔-1,000 mega- (M) - ✔✔-1,000,000 fahrenheit - ✔✔-water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° celsius or centigrade - ✔✔-water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° kelvin - ✔✔-water freezes at 273.15 and boils at 373.15 convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit - ✔✔-9/5C ⁺ 32 convert Fahrenheit to Celsius - ✔✔-5/9 (F ⁻ 32) to get temperatures in the kelvin scale - ✔✔-add 273.12 degrees to the Celsius temperature; C ⁺ 273.15 entomology - ✔✔-study of bugs and insects (bugs with 6 legs), not arachnologist who studies spiders and other creatures with 8 legs ichthyology - ✔✔-study of fish in the zoology branch taxonomy - ✔✔-provides official names for every plant and animal and helps scientists understand how living creatures are related to one another kingdom - ✔✔-the broadest level so it contains the most kind of organisms phylum - ✔✔-organisms are divided into phyla by general characteristics organisms in a phylum are divided into ____ - ✔✔-classes the level after class in the classification system - ✔✔-order the level after order in the classification system - ✔✔-family genus - ✔✔-two or more species that share unique body structures or other characteristics similar enough for it to be considered the same _____ species - ✔✔-the most specific level, so it contains the fewest types of organisms King Philip Can Order Fine Good Spaghetti - ✔✔-kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species the kingdom that includes bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) - one cell organisms that don't have a nucleus - ✔✔-Monerans the kingdom that includes one-celled organisms that do have a nucleus - ✔✔-Protists the kingdom that does not photosynthesize like plants, but have cell walls made of a carbohydrate called chitin; examples are mushrooms or yeast - ✔✔-Fungi prokaryotes - ✔✔-cells that do not contain nuclei nucleus - ✔✔-a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction cytoplasm - ✔✔-a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended cell membrane - ✔✔-thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell ____ cells have a firm cell wall that supports and protects the cell. - ✔✔-plant cells ____ cells have larger vacuoles - ✔✔-plant cells ____ contain chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll - ✔✔-plant cells ____ cells contain centrioles - ✔✔-animal cells ____ cells have lysosomes - ✔✔-animal cells vacuoles - ✔✔-spaces in the cytoplasm that store food and water chloroplasts - ✔✔-capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell chlorophyll - ✔✔-green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis centrioles - ✔✔-two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope lysosomes - ✔✔-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell chromatin - ✔✔-thin fibers containing genes nucleoplasm - ✔✔-protoplasm (living material) in the nucleus ribosome - ✔✔-combines amino acids into proteins mitochondria - ✔✔-produces the energy for cellular activity osmosis - ✔✔-movement of water through the cell membrane phagocytosis - ✔✔-acquisition of particles of material from outside of the cell; it's accomplished by surrounding the particles and passing them through the cell membrane. cellular respiration - ✔✔-process in which food is broken down, producing energy a healthy person contains ___ pairs of chromosomes - ✔✔-23 chromosome - ✔✔-threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next mitosis - ✔✔-when the nucleus of a non sex cell divides, forming two cells and two identical sets of chromosomes meiosis - ✔✔-when a sex cell divides into four cells, each containing only half the number of chromosomes as a non sex cell dominant gene - ✔✔-A gene that is expressed when paired genes are different recessive gene - ✔✔-A gene whose influence is masked when paired genes are different element - ✔✔-any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances atom - ✔✔-the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element electron - ✔✔-negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus neutron - ✔✔-a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom proton - ✔✔-a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom atomic number - ✔✔-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom molecule - ✔✔-a combination of two or more atoms compound - ✔✔-two or more elements that are chemically combined element - ✔✔-any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances periodic table - ✔✔-an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group atomic weight - ✔✔-the average mass of one atom of the element atomic number for hydrogen - ✔✔-1 atomic number for helium - ✔✔-2 atomic number for carbon - ✔✔-6 atomic number for nitrogen - ✔✔-7 atomic number for oxygen - ✔✔-8 atomic number for sodium - ✔✔-11 atomic number for copper - ✔✔-29 atomic number for gold - ✔✔-79 atomic number for mercury - ✔✔-80 atomic number for lead - ✔✔-82 atomic number for uranium - ✔✔-92 atomic number for plutonium - ✔✔-94 atomic number for magnesium - ✔✔-12 kinetic energy - ✔✔-the energy of motion