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Environmental Science Exam Preview, Sections coverage, rated A+

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Environmental Science Exam Preview, Sections coverage, rated A+ Ecology - ✔✔-The study of the interactions between living things and their environment Organisms - ✔✔-Any living thing made up of at least one cell that can live on its own Biotic - ✔✔-Part of the environment that includes all of the living organisms that live and interact with one another -all of the living parts Abiotic - ✔✔-Part of the environment that includes the physical features of the environment that affect the organisms living in a particular area -any non living part -water, sunlight, soil, temperature, etc. What does every food chain or web begin with? - ✔✔--a producer such as a plant that uses the sun's light to make food for itself Population - ✔✔-Group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time Community - ✔✔-Many populations of species that live in the same area at the same time and interact with one another Ecosystem - ✔✔-Made up of a community of organisms and how they interact with the abiotic environment -all of the living and non-living things EXAMPLE: Forest ecosystem and all of the animals, plants, water, soil, sun that affect it Biosphere - ✔✔-Part of Earth where all life exists Producer - ✔✔--An organism that uses sunlight to make their own food -Also called Autotrophs -process is called photosynthesis Examples: -plants -algae -some bacteria Consumer - ✔✔--An organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy -Also called Heterotrophs 4 kinds of consumers: -herbivores -carnivore -omnivore -scavenger Herbivore - ✔✔--a consumer that eats plants Carnivore - ✔✔--a consumer that eats animals Omnivore - ✔✔-- a consumer that eats both plants and animals Scavenger - ✔✔--a consumer that feeds on the remains of dead animals Decomposer - ✔✔--organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms Examples: -fungi -bacteria -beetles -earthworms Food chain - ✔✔--diagram showing how energy in food molecules flow from one organism to another -one energy path way *Arrow points to where the energy is going!! Food Web - ✔✔--diagram of many energy pathways -many food chains combined Energy Pyramid - ✔✔--diagram showing the loss of energy at each level of the food chain -how much energy is available at each level -most energy available at the base (producers) -less energy available at the top (carnivores and scavengers) Habitat - ✔✔--the environment where an organism lives Examples: -pond -grassland -desert -ocean Prey - ✔✔--the organism that is eaten

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