HBS final Exam Questions and answers, Latest updates, rated A+

HBS final Exam Questions and answers, Latest updates, rated A+ Differentiate between CNS and PNS - ✔✔-CNS= "Command Center" Brain+Spinal Cord PNS= carry all outside regions of CNS to CNS What is the function of myel ...

HBS final Exam Questions and answers, Latest updates, rated A+ Differentiate between CNS and PNS - ✔✔-CNS= "Command Center" Brain+Spinal Cord PNS= carry all outside regions of CNS to CNS What is the function of myelin? - ✔✔-Myelin Layer (or sheath) protects and insulates axons and enhances their electrical transmission Define MS. - ✔✔-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) = an immune mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body's immune system is directed against the CNS. cause unknown. No cure. Which spinal nerves innervate the upper limbs? - ✔✔-cervical limbs Differentiate the meninges, and outermost to innermost - ✔✔-a. Dera- tough surrounds the brain b. arachnoid- contains cerebrospinal fluid c. pia matter- covers brain, thinnest What is controlled by the medulla oblongota? - ✔✔-Resp, Cardaic Know the function of the oculomotor nerve - ✔✔-Eyeball and Eyelid movement: Conatins 4 Be able to differentiate between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system - ✔✔- Parasympathetic = rest and digest. Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholne Sympathetic = fight or flight. Where is a sub-dural hematoma located? - ✔✔-in between the dura matter and the Archnoid matter The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of what? - ✔✔-peripheral nervous system What are dendrites? - ✔✔-receives electrical impulses; send signals towards the cell body What are sensory neurons also known as? - ✔✔-sensory= input motor= output What is a brain injury with swelling and bleeding with severe hemorrhaging? - ✔✔-Contusion Define Interneurons. - ✔✔-communication amongs neuron. relays/transmits signals Define meningitis. - ✔✔-inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death Differentiate between all neuroglia (support) cells. (Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocyte, Ependymal) - ✔✔-Astrocytes- most abundant Microglia- destroy pathogens Ependymal cells- secrete cerebrospinal fluid Oligodendrocytes- produce myelin What is the cerebellum? - ✔✔--Coordination and control of voluntary movement -Receives information -on equilibrium -on current movements of limbs, neck and trunk -From cerebral cortex Where is CSF found, and what's it's function. - ✔✔-Cerebrospinal fluid (csf) found in brain and spinal cord. between the dura mater and arachnoid mater. Liquid cushion (function) Differentiate between paraplegia and quadriplegia. - ✔✔-Paraplegia- you can't move your legs Quadriplegia- can't move anything What is a concussion? - ✔✔-A slight brain injury Know the definition of a stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident) (cva). - ✔✔-Blockage or interruption of blood flow to brain region Define transient ischemic attack (TIA) - ✔✔-mini stroke Differentiate between motor and sensory signals - ✔✔-Sensory (Afferent) signals picked up by sensory receptors. -Carried by nerve fibers of PNS to the CNS Motor (Efferent) signals are carried away from the CNS -Innervate muscles and glands What makes up nervous tissue? - ✔✔-Neurons and Support Cells (Neuroglial cells) Know about neurons - ✔✔-basic structural unit of the nervous system billions of these can live for a lifetime don't divide generate and conducts signals Where do dendrites transmit electrical signals? - ✔✔-cell body What's important about the axon? - ✔✔-A neuron only has one and it generates and conducts impulses Define neurotransmitters. - ✔✔-they excite or inhibit neurons Define synapses. - ✔✔-neurons communicate Differentiate different types of synapses - ✔✔-Axodendric- axon -> dentridte Axosomatic- axon -> cell body Axoaxonic- axon -> axon Differentiate between all types of neuroglial cells - ✔✔-Astrocytes- most abundant Microglia- destroy pathogens Ependymal cells- line central cavity and spinal cord and brain. Secrete CFS Oligodendrocytes- produces myelin Know cerebral cortex functions. - ✔✔-conscious mind Define contralateral. - ✔✔-control opposite side of the body