NFSC 100 Exam 1 Questions & Answers. Verified.

NFSC 100 Exam 1 Questions & Answers. Verified. Why we choose the foods we eat - ✔✔-Advertising, availability, economy, emotional comfort, habit, personal preference, occupation, rural vs. urban, region, social press ...

NFSC 100 Exam 1 Questions & Answers. Verified. Why we choose the foods we eat - ✔✔-Advertising, availability, economy, emotional comfort, habit, personal preference, occupation, rural vs. urban, region, social pressure, values/beliefs, family, income, education, weight gain/loss, nutritional value 3 leading causes of death in U.S. - ✔✔-Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory D's 2 primary factors influencing health - ✔✔-Genetics, lifestyle. "Genetics loads the gun, lifestyle pulls the trigger". 70% lifestyle, 30% genetics Malnutrition - ✔✔-Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake; or by an imbalance of nutrients Types of malnutrition - ✔✔-Deficiency, overnutrition, imbalance Most common type of malnutrition - ✔✔-Imbalance Nutrition - ✔✔-Scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them Essential Nutrients - ✔✔-Must be obtained by food, the body can not synthesize them at all or; it can not make enough to support health. If missing from diet, a deficiency disease occurs. Adding missing nutrient back to diet corrects signs and symptoms of the deficiency. Scientists can explain why lack of the nutrient caused abnormalities. Macro Nutrients - ✔✔-Needed in large amounts; ie. carbohydrates, protein, and fat Micro Nutrients - ✔✔-Needed in very small amounts; ie. vitamins and minerals Energy Nutrients - ✔✔-Provides calories, ie. carbohydrates, protein, and fat 6 categories of nutrients - ✔✔-Carbohydrates, lipids (includes fat), proteins, vitamins, minerals , water How much energy is found in energy nutrients - ✔✔-1 g of carbohydrate provides 4 Calories. 1 g of protein provides 4 Calories. 1 g of fat provides 9 Calories. 1 g pure alcohol (a non nutrient) provides 7 Calories. Beer 12 oz, wine 5 oz, hard 80-proof 1.5 oz, hard 100-proof 1 oz. Phytochemicals - ✔✔-"Plant" chemicals, do not have a function in the body. Provide color, odor, flavor in the plant. Reduce chronic diseases. Where are phytochemicals found in the food supply - ✔✔-Found in all plant foods Why are phytochemicals important - ✔✔-Reduce chronic diseases Who is responsible for proving the safety and effectiveness of supplements - ✔✔-FDA What government agency oversees the supplement industry - ✔✔-FDA Who is responsible for pulling "unsafe" supplements off the market - ✔✔-FDA Who controls the production and quality of supplements - ✔✔-Manufacturer "buyer beware" market - ✔✔-Not meant to treat or cure diseases, not tested by FDA Purpose of dietary guidelines - ✔✔-Promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease Main purposes of DRI's - ✔✔-Prevent deficiency, reduce chronic disease, prevent toxicity Dietary recommendations from Nutrition Standards and Guidelines PP - ✔✔-Basic Concepts: Healthy Eating Patterns, balancing calories, focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages CHO 45-65% Pro 10-35% Fat 20-35% SOFAS <10% Fortified vs. Enriched foods - ✔✔-Fortification - Addition of vitamins or minerals, adds nutrients not originally present in the food Enrichment - Addition of vitamins or minerals, replaces nutrients that were lost in processing of the food Foods required to be enriched, and with what 5 nutrients - ✔✔-Processed grains must be enriched with: Thiamin Niacin Riboflavin Folate Iron Food label; descriptors - ✔✔-Serving size and number of servings per container, calories and fat calories, "% Daily Values" based on a 2000 calorie/day diet, Micronutrients required to be on a food label, Daily Values for some nutrients. Reduced, less or fewer = At least 25% less. Micro nutrients = High in - at least 20% of the daily value. Good source = at least 10 % of the daily value. What 4 micro nutrients are required to be on a food label - ✔✔-Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron, Calcium Nutrient dense - ✔✔-Nutrient dense foods : Vegetables/fruits, whole grains, seafood, eggs, dry beans/peas, nuts/seeds, low-fat milk/milk products, lean meats/poultry Calories per gram in the macronutrient